tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86697938356747218582024-03-13T16:45:32.150+02:00תרבותיורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.comBlogger523125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-31100505745778010812024-02-14T17:09:00.001+02:002024-02-14T17:09:24.506+02:00החומה<p> </p><h1 align="center" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 16pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm;"><br /></h1><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEtvX5Ytq3zDnB34Zp4_ioGYoFQc1mxEcRnK8tAenGXeSIpmKuscUabzz6hjlByPDt62RIrQj-pubcNfypoY4lIfv5G92IYyIluE3l7QWihT1jWwxXq6cF1FPMbaRDPlspyWRLxOmHQAmj7x5mA5xCMqNLdXAbH4MK7f6lIJjGf20kfeJ5T6H9oh0O66w" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="703" data-original-width="711" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEtvX5Ytq3zDnB34Zp4_ioGYoFQc1mxEcRnK8tAenGXeSIpmKuscUabzz6hjlByPDt62RIrQj-pubcNfypoY4lIfv5G92IYyIluE3l7QWihT1jWwxXq6cF1FPMbaRDPlspyWRLxOmHQAmj7x5mA5xCMqNLdXAbH4MK7f6lIJjGf20kfeJ5T6H9oh0O66w" width="243" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">בני האדם חומה בצורה סביב</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span lang="hi-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">אין יוצא ואין בא</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">צל חומה צובע כולם באותה צורה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ולא נבדל איש מאיש ולא אישה מאישה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">רק איש אחד תמהוני ניתק מתוך הגוש</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">על החומה טיפס אותו אדם מתוך יאוש</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">בראש חומה ישב יגע ולמטה השקיף</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">אל אנשי הצללים למטה הביט ולא ראה איש</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">הרים המבט וצפה לצדדים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ועיניו שטפו דברים חדשים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">מסביב ראה דברים נפלאים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">כמוהם לא ראו אנשי הצללים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">הביט למעלה אל השחקים וראה נפלאות</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ומוחו קדח באלפי המצאות</span>.</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ואז זז הגוש האפל</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">את אותו אדם צריך לחסל</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">כי מה חושב לו אותו איש</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">שכך יושב לו על חומה כמו עכביש</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">רד מיד אלינו תהיה כמו כולם</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ואל תרגיזנו בשטויות של עולם</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">אנחנו לא מוכנים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">שיהיו בקרבנו אנשים שונים</span>.</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">אך אותו תמהוני ישב על חומה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">מתחמם בשמש שותה את אורה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">נהנה משמים תכולים בהירים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ונפשו מזמרת בשירת צפורים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">אז שלחו אליו גדוד של שוטרים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">לאסור ולהחזיר שיהיה כמו האחרים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">להחזיר אותו לשפיות כי מי שיושב על חומה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">נחשב כאן למשוגע</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">התאמצו השוטרים וטיפסו ואל הפסגה רק שנים הגיעו</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">כי השנים היו מעט יותר פקחים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">הם ישבו לצידו מאד עייפים למרחק מביטים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ובמרחק הם ראו עוד מבצרים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">היה שם מבצר של המוסלמים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ובמרחק גדול יותר מבצרים נוספים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ואז הם הבחינו מתכונה רבה במבצר</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">ובשריון נוצץ של חיילים בשער</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">הי</span>,, <span lang="hi-IN">אתם שם השוטרים</span>, <span lang="hi-IN">מה אתם עושים</span>?</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">כך קראו מלמטה מתוך הצללים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">והשנים ענו</span>, “<span lang="hi-IN">חיילים מוסלמים אותנו תוקפים</span>"</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="hi-IN">והגוש ענה בקולות אחידים </span>"<span lang="hi-IN">אתם משוגעים</span>"</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="nl-BE" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: ltr; font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-62548799062224688192023-10-30T10:15:00.002+02:002023-10-30T10:15:47.831+02:00איש עף ובידו קולמוס<p> איש עף בידו קולמוס</p><p>חורט שירו עלי שלכת</p><p>זמר עז על סוד כמוס</p><p>כמעט עצר ליבו מלכת</p><p><br /></p><p>ממרום מעוף רואה ברור</p><p>מה כן, מה לא ומה שבור</p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-19448291745761424772023-02-11T22:38:00.002+02:002023-02-11T23:10:42.349+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">שילוב אדם בחברה </span></h1><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieuREIcsIuRh0SaAxYoASLbmauFCOipsbrCRsV33U-NfFXky1tRkTu4VUY6-UtiJ1XSv9-DswGBwEvbJvpndqhSikThBT_tcNu_xd8MUnncAij1cpevFGR_g5D0oUnfbo28YJLlA3XXPKVeF8WXeXj0_0WDU3yJJaEf0IWNuMv-tvOBY8KrM_-thEc/s320/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieuREIcsIuRh0SaAxYoASLbmauFCOipsbrCRsV33U-NfFXky1tRkTu4VUY6-UtiJ1XSv9-DswGBwEvbJvpndqhSikThBT_tcNu_xd8MUnncAij1cpevFGR_g5D0oUnfbo28YJLlA3XXPKVeF8WXeXj0_0WDU3yJJaEf0IWNuMv-tvOBY8KrM_-thEc/s1600/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%20%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D%20%D7%91%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גוסטב הקטן שמע מרחוק את קולות הרקיעה האחידה של פלוגת ה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היטלר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יוגן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתקרבת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא מיהר וברח לתוך מסדרון הבית הסמוך ומשם הביט בעיניים מבוהלות על הנערים העוברים בסך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מפעם לפעם חרג נער גדול מהשורה כדי להכות באלה כבדה שנשא עמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם שהעז לעמוד ולא להצדיע במועל יד לפלוגה העוברת ולדגל הנאצי בראשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק שעה ארוכה לאחר שאחרוני הצועדים נעלם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העז הילד הקטן לצאת ממחבואו ולרוץ הביתה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צעדות כאלו לא היו חזיון נפרץ בגרמניה של תחילת שנות השלושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גוסטב המבוגר מספר על היום בו הגיעה חבורת היטלר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יוגן לבית סיפרו וגייסו את כל ילדי הכיתה והוא מצא עצמו באותה חבורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא עבר זמן רב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משחזר בעדותו גוסטב המבוגר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והוא מצא עצמו צועד בסך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שרוי במין מצב היפנוטי לקול רקיעות הרגליים הקצבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וצועק יחד עם האחרים בהתלהבות רבה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הייל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היטלר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בבושה הוא ניזכר איך הכה באלה שסופקה לו בבסיס התנועה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל מי שהעז לא להצדיע במועל יד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא ניזכר ברגש הזעם שעלה בו באותו מעמד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">איך האנשים החצופים האלו לא מבינים שמנהיג המפלגה הנאצית הוא היחיד שייטיב עם העם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למה הם לא מכבדים את המנהיג הנערץ בכך שהם לא מברכים אותו במועל יד כנהוג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.” - </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתוך עדות של אזרח גרמני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מחקר מדעי מועט נעשה בנושא החיבור של הפרט לחברה שאליו הוא משתייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למעשה אנשי המדע השאירו עד לאחרונה את פיתוח הנושא הזה בידי סופרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פילוסופים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וחוקרי המדעים הבלתי מדויקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזנחה זו נעשתה מתוך חוסר מודעות לחשיבות שיש בחקר החיבור של אדם לחברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין זה בתחום הספר הזה לחקור את פרטי המנגנונים המחברים אנשים לחברה שבתוכה הם חיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך כדאי להתעכב על המשמעות והעומק של חיבורים כאלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעט המחקרים שנעשו בכיוון זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מראים שהחיבור בין אנשים הוא שילוב של חיבור גנטי וחברתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החיבור החברתי נחקר רבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיקר על ידי אנשים מחוץ לקהילה המדעית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סופרים ואנשי רוח עסקו בכך באובססיביות מאז שאייסכילוס העלה את המחזות הראשונים ביוון העתיקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המחקר המדעי על השילוב של אדם בחברה מוגבל למחקר של היכולת האנושית להזדהות עם האחר ונקרא התאוריה של התודעה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(Theory of the mind). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תחום זה עדיין בראשית דרכו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רוב המחקרים המדעיים בתחום זה עדיין מתרכזים רק במה קורה במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מבחינת התקשורת בין תאי המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מיקום התאים בהם מתבצעות הפעולות המתייחסות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">',</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתחות היכולות האלו עם הגיל וכדומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המחקרים האלו לא עונים על השאלות החשובות שאני מנסה לענות עליהן בספר זה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למה אדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חושב ופועל בצורה שונה ממני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומה משפיע על צורת מחשבתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רגשותיו והדרך בה הוא מגיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא צריך להיות חוקר מוח כדי לדעת שיש קשר אמפטי בין אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאנו מסונכרנים באיזו שהיא צורה עם האנשים שבסביבתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מרגישים כאב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר אנו רואים מישהו אחר שמתפתל מכאבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הצחוק מדבק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מפהקים כאשר אדם שלידנו מפהק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מוחאים כפיים בקצב של כל האנשים מסביבנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל אלו תופעות של סנכרון שלנו עם האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במחקרים המעטים שנעשו בכיוון זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נמצא גן הסנכרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המסנכרן פעולות של אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נמצא גם שהמוח מייצר הורמון </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(Oxycontin) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנקרא גם הורמון האהבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שגורם לנו לחוש אמפטיה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הורמונים כאלו ותבניות מוח </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתחו במשך האבולוציה כדי לעזור לנו לקשור קשרים עם אחרים וליצור קבוצה שעמידה טוב יותר מבחינת שרידות מהאדם הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצד כל אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמיטב המסורת של האבולוציה המוח פיתח תכונות נוספות שמהדקות את הקשר הבין קבוצתי עוד יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אותן התכונות שעוזרות לאדם להשיג שקט נפשי כמו הדחקה והמצאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">טובות גם להתחבר אל האחרים בקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מתעלמים מהפגמים של חברי הקבוצה בדיוק כמו שאנו מתעלמים מהפגמים שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מרגישים טוב עם חברי הקבוצה שלנו בעלי השקפת עולם דומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם בתחום זה בולטת הפרקטליות האנושית המעתיקה תכונות של הרמה הנמוכה יותר לתוך הרמה הגבוהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מידע אמפירי רב על הקשר הבלתי רצוני הזה לאחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר למצוא באופן מפתיע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחקר התנהגות צרכנים בתחום המכירות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המפרסמים משתמשים במידע זה במטרה להשפיע על הצרכנים לקנות את המוצרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשי שיווק שנעזרו בחוקרים בתחום הפסיכולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עשו שימוש בתופעת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הם מצאו שאדם נוטה לקנות דברים שהרבה אחרים קנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנטייה של אדם לרכוש מוצר גדלה עוד יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם הוא שומע שאדם איתו הוא מזדהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל ידוען</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משתמש באותו מוצר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם מרגיש הזדהות עם הדומים לו – זו דרכה של האבולוציה לדחוף אנשים להתחבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות גדלה ככול שאדם מוצא באחר תכונות משותפות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וככל שהם נמצאים רחוקים מסביבתם הטבעית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל תייר המטייל בארץ זרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חווה קירבה לתיירים אחרים שבאו מארצו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם אם שם בארצו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא לא היה חושב להתחבר איתם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם אם אין הרבה מידע מדעי על המנגנון הזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אי אפשר להכחיש את עצמתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ואי אפשר לזלזל בחשיבותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מנגנונים של חיבור אדם לסביבתו כל כך חזקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עד שיש אנשים שמרגישים אפילו חיבור של שיתוף והבנה לחיית המחמד שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למחשב הדומם שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או למכונית האהובה עליהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במשך השנים של קיום האנושות נוצרו קבוצות של אנשים ששיתפו פעולה כדי להיטיב ולהתמודד עם אתגרי הסביבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קבוצות שהיו מבודדות אחת מהשנייה סיגלו מאפיינים ייחודיים להן ושונים ממאפיינים של קבוצות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הקבוצות היו קטנות הן נקראות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שבטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קבוצות גדולות יותר – עמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם הזמן כאשר הקבוצות גדלו עוד יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נוצרו קבוצות ענקיות – תרבויות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הקבוצות היו קטנות לא היה חיכוך גדול ביניהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך כאשר הקבוצות גדלו הן היו חייבות להתחרות אחת עם השנייה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שכל אחת ניסתה לבדל עצמה מאחרות ולגבש את הקבוצה שלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לזהות קווי דמיון בדרך המחשבה והתגובה של אנשים מקבוצה זהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המבדלת אותם מדרך המחשבה של אנשים מקבוצה אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למאפיינים האלו של קבוצה אני קורא – </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות מתפתחת בתהליך של אבולוציה חברתית בדומה להתפתחות המין כולו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בבסיס התרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והאבולוציה החברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ישנו אותו מנגנון עלום של סנכרון בני האדם זה לזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ללא סנכרון זה אי אפשר לתאר רבות מהפעילויות הרצוניות והבלתי רצוניות של האנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חשוב לדעת שקיים מנגנון סנכרון כזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הבנת אופן פעולתו של מנגנון זה היא עניין למחקר ניפרד אך חשוב להכיר שמנגנון סנכרון נמצא בכל אשר נפנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ללא מנגנון כזה נגנים לא היו יכולים לנגן בתיאום מדויק בתזמורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מאמינים לא היו חושבים ופועלים כגוף אחד בצאתם מהמסגד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חיילים לא היו צועדים בסך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מנגנון הסנכרון גורם לאנשים להרגיש הזדהות עם אנשים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות גדולה ככל שהאחר קרוב מבחינה תרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפעמים ההזדהות הזו כל כך גדולה שאפשר לראות את קבוצת האנשים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כעדר אנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לעתים ההזדהות כל כך חזקה שאנשים מוכנים להרוג ולהרג למען שלמות הקהילה התרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות מטשטשת ומטה את ראיית המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שתתאים לתרבות המשותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">לכן כאשר אנשים מתמזגים בקהילה עד כדי איבוד זהותם העצמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>, </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">אפשר להבין איך כל אדם בחברה כזו חושב ומגיב לפי הדרך בה הקהילה התרבותית מתנהגת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר נכון לקהילה של בנות בכיתה שמתלבשות ומתנהגות בצורה דומה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר נכון לקהילה גדולה יותר של בחורי ישיבה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והדבר נכון גם לקהילה ענקית של מוסלמים קיצונים בדעאש</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמובן שברוב הקהילות האנשים המרכיבים אותן לא מזדהים בצורה טוטלית כזו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר להבחין בקהילות בהן יש מקום רב לאינדיווידואלים כמו בתרבות המערבית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך בכל קהילה יש כמות כזו או אחרת של אנשים המזדהים טוטלית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גם כאשר אדם לא מזדהה עד איבוד העצמיות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>, </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש בכל אדם חלק המזדהה עם החברה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">הבנה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>' </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">מחייבת להעריך איזה חלק ממנו עצמי ואיזה חלק מזדהה לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "David CLM";"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">מנגנון הסינכרון</span></span></h2><div><span style="font-family: "David CLM";"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "David CLM";"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJBqA3oYw_0BES9XU9iSHhXww1DKUc-JVbnuO8zC90dNeQ8TgVTgzsSw_bxweBsXqMk3XN-JmeagOBG2_rcc8fglf-gwJ41No2Jh1F-V6R4QWb96RFHOlm9-zo87nDRgRXxc5AGD161VI9yDXuV-HTgziHHdDdXkUbcD6SOnkie3iVs8nsvd5bu8R8/s320/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="224" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJBqA3oYw_0BES9XU9iSHhXww1DKUc-JVbnuO8zC90dNeQ8TgVTgzsSw_bxweBsXqMk3XN-JmeagOBG2_rcc8fglf-gwJ41No2Jh1F-V6R4QWb96RFHOlm9-zo87nDRgRXxc5AGD161VI9yDXuV-HTgziHHdDdXkUbcD6SOnkie3iVs8nsvd5bu8R8/s1600/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F%20%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F.jpg" width="224" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפסיכולוג הנודע קרל יונג פיתח את מושג ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא מודע הקולקטיבי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא הרחבה של התת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מודע שבמשנתו של מורו פרוינד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התת המודע הקולקטיבי כולל בתוכו את מאגר החוויות המשתמרות מדור לדור</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אם קיים תת מודע קולקטיבי הוא יכול להצביע על כך שקיימת גם יישות קולקטיבית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאני מכנה אותה בשם </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יונג חידש את מושגי ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ארכיטיפ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> המודע הקולקטיבי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הופעתם החוזרת של אותם דימויים בתרבויות שונות היוותה לדעתו הוכחה לכך שהלא מודע הקולקטיבי אכן קיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את אותם דימויים הוא כינה בשם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ארכיטיפים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הארכיטיפ הוא תמונה כלל אנושית קמאית שמגיעה מתת המודע הקולקטיבי שמכיל זכרונות ותכנים כלל אנושיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יונג הסיק שהיחיד בחלומו מתחבר אל אוצר זיכרון קולקטיבי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושללא הכרת מורשת ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הטבועה במעמקי הלא</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מודע של האנושות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא ניתן להבין את עולמו הפנימי של היחיד על רבדיו השונים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דימויים ארכיטיפיים אלו מהווים כוח דוחף לאישיות ומימושם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יישומם במציאות קרוי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>יונגקומפלקס</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תורתו נדחתה על ידי הממסד הפסיכולוגי האקדמי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כי קשה היה לחוקרים לקבל קשר קולקטיבי כזה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">האינטואיציה</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> שלהם התנגדה לרעיון שאינם אנשים העומדים בפני עצמם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היום יש חזרה מסוימת לתורה זו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין אני מקצין עד כדי תמיכה בתת מודע קולקטיבי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך ההתעניינות במשנתו של יונג אולי תביא למחקר מעמיק יותר בקשר בין בני האדם וקשר כזה קיים ללא ספק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כיום אין הרבה מחקרים על המנגנונים הגורמים לתופעות של סנכרון אנשים וגיבושם לעדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעט המחקרים שנעשו התמקדו בקשר הדדי של קבוצות קטנות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקרים מצאו חומרים בשם פרומונים שבעלי חיים מפרישים לצורך איתות לבעלי חיים אחרים מאותו מין</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך כלל איתות הקשור לצורך הזדווגות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל מי שיש לו כלבה בבית יודע שבתקופת הייחום</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכלבה מפרישה פרומון המאותת לכלבים זכרים רבים מהסביבה והם מגיעים כדי להזדווג איתה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בני אדם אינם שונים מבעלי חיים אחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקר בשם יעקובסון מצא שגם בני אדם מגיבים לפרומונים אם כי באופן מתון יותר מאשר בעלי חיים אחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשו כמה מחקרים שהראו שנשים חוות משיכה לגברים מתאימים רק לפי הרחה של זיעתם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש גם מחקר </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אמנם שנוי במחלוקת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמצא כי סטודנטיות שגרות בסמיכות במעונות מסנכרנות את זמני הביוץ שלהן </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפקט מקלינטוק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">).</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין הרבה מחקרים על הדרך בה אנשים מסונכרנים זה עם זה מעבר למשיכה המינית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אי אפשר להתכחש לעצם התופעה הזו היוצרת </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין חשיבות רבה לצורך נושא הספר הזה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה המנגנון המדויק המביא לסינכרון אנשים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק שנדע שמנגנון כזה קיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיקר המנגנון הזה נמצא במוחו של האדם הבודד שדוחף אותו להתחבר לאחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האדם הוא יצור חברתי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא רק בגלל שכך הוא חונך</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא בגלל המנגנונים השונים שהאבולוציה שתלה במוחו כדי להקל על החיבור שלו לאנשים אחרים כדי ליצור קבוצה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו הרבה תהליכים שנוצרו באבולוציה גם כאן האבולוציה בנתה תכונות שונות שכל אחת מהן תומכת בצורך להתאגדות בקבוצות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך קיימות תכונות חיוביות כמו אמפטיה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חמלה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ובעיקר אלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך קיימת גם תכונת החקוי והצורך בידידות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך קיימות גם תכונות שליליות כמו בדידות הדוחפת את האדם לחפש חברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והשעמום שאפשר להפיג אותו בעיסוק חברתי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך קיימת השנאה לאחר העוזרת לבדל את הקבוצה מקבוצות מתחרות אחרות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתברר שגם לקושי שלנו להבין את האחר יש תפקיד של גיבוש הקבוצה שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><br />עדר אנושי</h2><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים בעלי תודעה עצמית מרגישים שיש קו גבול ברור בינם לבין העולם החיצוני</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היטיב להגדיר זאת הפילוסוף לווינס</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר הם תמיד </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה שלא אני</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.”</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם מערבי מוכן להסכים שיש לו קשר חברתי לאחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כי בסופו של דבר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האדם הוא יצור חברתי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הוא דוחה בבוז את הרעיון שיש בו משהו שאינו שייך רק לו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא משותף לאנשים אחרים בסביבתו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תודעתו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המזוהה עם </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האני</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קובעת שהוא יצור הנפרד מאחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך האם אפשר לסמוך על התודעה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו אותה תודעה שיודעת לספר סיפורים דמיוניים כדי להצדיק החלטות שלא היא עשתה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שראינו בפרק הראשון</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במשחק </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צומח</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דומם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפילו לילדים אין בעיה לשבץ את בעלי החיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצמחים והדוממים בטורים הנכונים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באינטואיציה כולנו תופשים במה מדובר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני חי </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האבן לא</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני יכול לנוע </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצמח לא</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מרגיש </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התולעת לא</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך האם תמיד האינטואיציה צודקת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעבר אנשים טענו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהסתמך על האינטואיציה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהארץ עומדת והשמש סובבת סביבה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רק אותו טרחן גלילאו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טען שהארץ </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נוע תנוע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבל הוא צדק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא כן</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האינטואיציה שלנו קובעת שהעור העוטף את גופינו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מפריד בינינו לבין </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר שהוא תמיד לא אני</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' , </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך האם זה באמת כך</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר דומה לגדר המקיפה את הגינה ומפרידה בין הגינה שלנו לגינת השכנים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה לנו לקבל שקו הגבול הזה הוא בעצם מטושטש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האם באמת הגינה שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האדמה של גינות רבות בישראל שייכת בעצם למדינה כלומר לכולם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנחנו רק חוכרים את האדמה למספר שנים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חלק מהגינות הפרטיות שלנו משותף עם הגינה של השכנים בבתים משותפים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם אם יש לנו בית פרטי עם גינה פרטית יש לנו ולשכנים שטחים משותפים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם אנו לא אנשים בודדים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהרבה מובנים אנו שותפים לאנשים אחרים סביבנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מגרש המשחקים הוא דוגמה לשטח המשותף לנו ולשכננו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מגרש המשחקים של החיים גם הוא דוגמה לשיתוף</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר ילדי השכונה שלנו משחקים כדור רגל מול ילדי שכונה אחרת במגרש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מתייחסים לילדי השכונה כולם כגוף אחד – </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקבוצה של השכונה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר נבחרת כדור רגל של המדינה משחקת מול נבחרת של מדינה אחרת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנבחרת כגוף היא </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנבחרת שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים וועד השכונה קונה לחברי קבוצת הכדור</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רגל מדים אחידים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואז הקבוצה נראית עוד יותר מבחוץ כגוף אחד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאורחים שבאו לראות את המשחק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה להבחין בהבדלים בין הילד הפרטי שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לילדים של השכנים המשחקים באותה קבוצה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה צורה אין אזרח מדינה אחרת מבדיל בין חיילים שלנו לבושי המדים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מתייחסים למשל אל החרדים כגוף אחד בלי לראות אדם החרדי אחד השונה מחברו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמאמר האימרה </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל הסינים נראים אותו דבר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לעומת האדם החילוני במערב המתקשה להסכים שיש בו חלק המשותף לקבוצה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים במזרח הרחוק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואולי גם אנשים אדוקים באמונתם במערב</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חשים סוג של שיתוף קבוצתי מעבר לישות העצמאית שלהם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אם נתבונן היטב נראה שישנן תופעות רבות מסביבנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאי אפשר להסביר אלא בקיום תופעת העדר האנושי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו עדים לרגשות של תודעה משותפת הקיימת בכל עת כאשר אנו מונעים על ידי רגשות דתיים עמוקים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוזיקה סוחפת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משחק כדור רגל מלהיב</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או הערצה לדמות כריזמטית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתברר שהאדם מתנהג לפעמים כאילו היה ללא רצון עצמאי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתוך החברה שפועלת לפי חוקים משלה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האישיות העצמית של אדם נסוגה לטובת מיזוג עם אנשים אחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקר שהתפרסם בחודש ינואר </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">2007 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על ידי מחלקת המחקר של בנק ישראל שכותרתו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תופעת העדר בהמלצות האנליסטים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המחקר נכתב על ידי קונסטנטין קוסנקו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שם מובאת אמירה של אחד החוקרים בתחום לפיה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנליסטים שמסקרים את שוק ההון מפרסמים המלצות אופטימיות יתר על המידה הואיל והם מושפעים מאינסטינקט העדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבא לביטוי בנטייה שלהם להשתייך לקבוצה של ממליצים אחרים ולפרסם המלצות הקרובות לקונצנזוס ובכך</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להקטין ההסתברות לענישה אינדיבידואלית במקרה של טעות בתחזית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלה כידוע השלכה ישירה על כספו של המשקיע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במידה מסוימת האנליסטים צודקים כי הערכותיהם מביאות לכך שציבור המשקיעים שאף הוא כפוף להתנהגות עדרית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ישקיע לפי המלצותיהם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו דוגמה לנבואה המגשימה את עצמה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתהליך הגיבוש של תרבות בכל חברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש תופעות של הרחקת כל החריגים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חושפי שחיתויות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במשרדי ממשלה ובמוסדות פרטיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שילמו מחיר אישי וכלכלי כבד מנשוא</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סט הערכים שלאורם פעלו כדי לתקן עוולות ומעשי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שחיתות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זיכו אותם בכותרות מרעישות בתקשורת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהבטחה להגנה על ידי מבקר המדינה והכנסת ולבסוף</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם נשארו עם הכותרות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בלי עבודה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בלי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פנסיה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עם שברון לב שהוביל בחלק מהמקרים למוות בטרם עת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סופרים שיצאו נגד מכורתם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משפחתם ודתם הוקעו מהחברה בה גדלו והתחנכו למרות שביקשו בסך הכול לספר את האמת שלהם מנקודת ראותם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך קרה לסופר סלמאן רושדי שנגדו הוצא פסק דין מוות על ידי פוסקי הלכה מוסלמים שלא אהבו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בלשון המעטה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את ספריו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא הדין ביוצא קיבוץ שכתב ספר ביקורתי על הלינה המשפחתית בקיבוץ והשלכותיה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיתונאי שלא מסתפק בהודעות דוברים ויחצנים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעדיף לוותר על המידע שלהם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יוצא לבצע תחקירים עצמאיים וחושף ממצאים הסותרים את הודעות הדוברים הרשמיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעמיד אותם ואת הקולגות שלו בכלי התקשורת האחרים במבוכה בלתי הפיכה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקר כזה מסתכן בנידוי והחרמה ובכך</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שובר לעצמו את מטה לחמו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל זאת משום שבסך הכול ביקש לבצע את עבודתו במיומנות ומקצועיות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ב</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">1961 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החליט החוקר מילגראהם לעשות ניסוי באוניברסיטת ייל על נכונות אנשים להקשיב לאנשי סמכות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא ניסה לבדוק עד כמה קל לאיש סמכות להורות לאנשים לעשות דברים בלי שישאלו שאלות או תופעל מחשבה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין טוב יותר את הסיבה לתופעת הנאציזם בגרמניה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הניסוי התבצע בצורה הבאה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש נסיין</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש מורה ויש לומד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנסיין והלומד הם שתולים של הניסוי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבל המורה הוא מי שהניסוי מתבצע עליו בלי ידיעתו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לוקחים את הנסיין והמורה לחדר אחד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואת הלומד לחדר אחר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המורה צריך לשאול שאלות את הלומד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וכל פעם שהוא עונה תשובה לא נכונה צריך לתת לו מכות חשמל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למורה נאמר שבכל שגיאה הוא אמור להעלות את עצמת החשמל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמובן שלא השתמשו באמת במכות חשמל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נאמר למורה שללומד יש זמן מוגבל לענות על כל שאלה ובמידה והוא חורג מהזמן</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה כאילו שהוא ענה על תשובה לא נכונה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בניסוי הרשמי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כ</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">65 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחוז מכלל </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המורים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגיעו למצב בו העלו את עצמת מכת החשמל לרמה בה הלומד היה מת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנסיין שלבש חלוק לבן כדי להופיע כבעל סמכות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אמר למורים להמשיך בכל פעם שהוא ראה אותם מהססים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בניסוי הזה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רק אדם אחד לא היה מוכן לתת מכת חשמל שיכולה לגרום לנזק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעוד שכל האנשים האחרים אמנם לא הרגישו בנוח</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר הנסיין עם החלוק הלבן אמר להם להמשיך</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הם המשיכו בכל זאת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הניסוי מלמד שיחסית מעט מאוד אנשים עוצרים באמת לשאול שאלות כאשר יש מישהו עם סמכות לידם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה אנשים לא הסכימו עם הניסוי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך היו כמה וכמה שיחזורים שלו וכולם הציגו תוצאות דומות מאוד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ניסוי מילגראהם הוא ניסוי של אחד המאפיינים של</span></span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_behavior" style="color: navy;"><span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">העדר</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא הראה שאנשים מוכנים לקבל מרות ממישהו שנראה סמכותי </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מנהיג</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפקט העדר כולל גם התנהגות המתיישרת עם ההמון מסביבנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפילו אם אין מנהיג שיבטא זאת בפרוש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר אנו עדים להתפרעות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם אנשים שבדרך כלל לא אלימים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולים למצוא את עצמם שוברים חלונות ראווה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ועושים מעשים שונים כי </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כולם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושים זאת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בחיי היום יום הורים לילדים צריכים להתמודד עם התופעה של אפקט העדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר הילד אומר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כולם עושים זאת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או לכולם יש את הדבר שאני רוצה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">".</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סיפור הילדים </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המלך הוא עירום</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספר על מלך אשר שני נוכלים נגשו אליו ושכנעו אותו שיש להם חוט מיוחד</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אשר רק אנשים חכמים מסוגלים לראות אותו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המלך </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לבש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את הבגד שלא היה כי הוא לא רצה להודות שהוא טיפש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם כל העם שראה את המלך צועד עירום ברחובות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רק ילד אחד שבר את הכישוף של אפקט העדר וצעק שהמלך עירום</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במציאות נדיר שאדם ישבור את הכישוף של אפקט העדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך כלל </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העדר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יקיא את אותו אדם מתוכו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מחקרים הראו שבני אדם מתנהגים בצורה שונה כאשר הם נמצאים בקרב קהל גדול</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מאשר הדרך בה הם מתנהגים בחוג המשפחה או החברים המצומצם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הסיבה לכך היא שככל שהקהל סביב אותו אדם גדול יותר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כך החלק החברתי המרכיב אתו משפיע יותר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן מנהיגים שרוצים ללכד סביבם קהל גדול עושים אספות המוניות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">אספות המוניות אינן הדרך היחידה לגבש מספר גדול של אנשים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">אפשר לראות גם את התקשורת ההמונית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">; </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">העיתונים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">התקשורת האלקטרונית והיום גם הרשתות החברתיות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כמקום אספה של קהל גדול</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לכן עושים מחאות המוניות בכיכרות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">קמפינים בתקשורת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">או פוסטים וירלים ברשתות החברתיות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כדי לרתום את הפרט הבודד למשימה חברתית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">החלק החברתי אצל האדם גדל גם אם מאלצים אותו לאמץ סממני זהות כמו מדים או אופנה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לכן מלבישים חיילים במדים כדי לרתום אותם להילחם למען החברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לכן כל כת חרדית מאופיינת בבגדים המזהים אותה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לכן עמים מאמצים </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">בגדים לאומיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן הילד שלכם דורש ללבוש מותגים כמו כל חבריו בכיתה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה הקיצוני הפרט מתמזג טוטלית עם החברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה כזה אדם מתנהג בדיוק כמו כל האחרים בקבוצה ואין שם את השונות הגדולה שיש בדרך כלל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בין כל פרט ופרט</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אשליית התודעה מביאה אותנו לחשוב שאנו יצורים אינדיבידואליים ללא קשר ממשי עם הזולת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה הקיצוני הפרט מתמזג טוטלית עם החברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה כזה אדם מתנהג בדיוק כמו כל האחרים בקבוצה ואין שם את השונות הגדולה שיש בדרך כלל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בין כל פרט ופרט</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אשליית התודעה מביאה אותנו לחשוב שאנו יצורים אינדיבידואליים ללא קשר ממשי עם הזולת</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לעץ הבודד קשה לראות את היער</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">מערכות חיים פרקטליות</span></h2><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תיאוריה היא מרשימה יותר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ככל שהנחותיה פשוטות יותר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="en-US">." - </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איינשטיין</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים עומדים משתאים מול החידה והמסתורין של מורכבות בטבע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החידה הגדולה מכולן היא היווצרות החיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדגש על החיים האנושיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יתכן והמפתח לחידה הוא ההבנה במנגנונים הבסיסיים של הטבע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השכל הישר אומר שהטבע </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בוחר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את הדרך הקלה ביותר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המים בנחלים </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בוחרים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את הדרך הקלה ביותר לזרימה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות זא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ת הם יוצרים פיתולים מורכבים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המורכבות בטבע נוצרה במשך הזמן מתוך אלמנטים פשוטים החוזרים על עצמם כי זו הדרך הפשוטה ולכן הטבעית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: David CLM; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><br /><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רגע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה נשמע מוכר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו בדיוק ההגדרה של צורות פרקטליות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצורות המתארות את צורות העננים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קווי החוף העלים של עצים ובעצם כל דבר הקיים בטבע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>פְרַקטָל</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> מוגדר כ </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורה גאומטרית שמורכבת מעותקים של אותה צורה עצמה בכל רמת פירוט שנסתכל בה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. ”</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרופסור מנדלברוט טען בספרו </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">The Fractal Geometry of Nature, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהפרקטלים מתאימים לתיאור עולם הטבע יותר מאשר הצורות הפשוטות של הגאומטריה האוקלידית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עננים אינם כדורים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרים אינם בצורת חרוט</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קו החוף אינו עשוי ממעגלים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קליפת העץ אינה חלקה והברק אינו מתקדם בקו ישר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו דברים רבים בטבע הנראים ממבט ראשון מסובכים אך כאשר הם נחקרים מתברר שהם פשוטים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם מערכות פרקטליות הן תוצאה של יחסים פשוטים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצורה המסובכת שבתמונה היא בעצם משוואה רגרסיבית בה יש יחס פשוט שאפשר לתארו במשוואה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: z</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><sup><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">2</span></span></sup></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> – c.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnrWGNuLb9G1Y6DbZKq3eMp3YdFH50fKn46yq2RuIPTMcukg0ayBq1C0W-NLm70OSjFbdtsc-IozQ3bV2R1r0QJDsvysmNuO8_2pZTY-FfwRk6c2x7XD-Zw--fc-NOARLBVFyzNE2A_ru6wYoo_RlWmi7uBJZxhCFQdmCiFCF_f6noN7Pkvw1psirK/s800/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnrWGNuLb9G1Y6DbZKq3eMp3YdFH50fKn46yq2RuIPTMcukg0ayBq1C0W-NLm70OSjFbdtsc-IozQ3bV2R1r0QJDsvysmNuO8_2pZTY-FfwRk6c2x7XD-Zw--fc-NOARLBVFyzNE2A_ru6wYoo_RlWmi7uBJZxhCFQdmCiFCF_f6noN7Pkvw1psirK/s320/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span><p></p></span></span></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">מתברר שהדרך הקלה ביותר לבנות מערכת מורכבת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">היא חיבור אלמנטים פשוטים ליצירת גוף מורכב יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">חיבור הגופים המורכבים האלו בצורות שונות ליצירת גופים מורכבים עוד יותר וחזרה על פעולה זו שוב ושוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">במילים אחרות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מערכת פרקטלית</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותו תהליך קיים במערכות רבות בטבע וכל המורכבות שאנו רואים בטבע נוצרה באותה צורה של ה</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ררכיה פרקטלית</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /><br /><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרשו לי להרחיב את משמעות הפרקטלים בטבע גם למערכות חיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ידוע שהאבולוציה של החיים התחילה מאבני בניין הפשוטות ביותר והצליחה ליצור את המורכבות העצומה של חיים על כדור הארץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצורך ספר זה נתרכז רק בקטע צר של אותו תהליך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נתחיל בתא של גוף האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעליו בהיררכיה גוף אדם המורכב מתאים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומשם למערכת חברתית המורכבת מאנשים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לראות תאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים וחברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמערכות חיים אנושיות היררכיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היוצרות </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מערכת פרקטלית אנושית</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> אשר תכונותיהן דומות בכל רמה</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו במקרה של הפרקטלים הגאומטרים כך אצל הפרקטלים האנושיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תכונות התא בדרגת הפירוט הקטנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוזרות על עצמן כאשר אנו עוברים מהתא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאדם הבנוי מתאים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומשם למערכות הגדולות יותר של חברות הבנויות מאנשים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לראות תא כגוף חי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: navy;"><span lang="zxx"><a href="http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/cells-are-individuals-too#.VKZl0M2Ud8y" style="color: navy;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #993322;"><span style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">ראה מחקר</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> שהראה אפילו תכונות אינדיווידואליות בתא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נולד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהתחלקות של תא קודם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צורך מזון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתרבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מגן על עצמו ומזדקן כמו כל חי אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש לתא תכונות המאפשרות לו לשתף פעולה עם תאים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ויש לתא תכונות המאפשרות לו לתרום לקיבוץ התאים הנקרא אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גוף האדם מציג תכונות דומות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא נולד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צורך מזון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתרבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מגן על עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מזדקן ומת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם הוא בעל תכונות המאפשרות לו להתחבר עם אנשים אחרים ותכונות המאפשרות לו לתרום יחד עם האנשים שבסביבתו כדי ליצור חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לחברות תכונות דומות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הן </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נולדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתוך איחוד של חברות קטנות יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צורכות משאבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גדלות ומתחזקות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מזדקנות ונבלעות על ידי חברות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או מתפרקות לחברות קטנות יותר וכך מפסיקות להתקיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקרה של חברות אפשר לפרט רמות רבות של חברות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משפחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמעליה החברה הקרובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעליה העם ולבסוף ציוויליזציה שיכולה לכלול עמים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכל רמה תכונות דומות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו גוף האדם וכמו התאים בגופו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משתכללת עם הזמן לפי חוקי האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי שתוכל לשרוד מול חברות מתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קרום התא מפריד את התא מתאים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העור העוטף את האדם מפריד את האדם מאנשים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למעטפת תרבותית של החברה תפקיד דומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היא מאחדת ומגבשת את האנשים בחברה לגוף אחד ומפרידה אותם מחברות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפעמים העטיפה התרבותית הדוקה עד כדי יצירת זהות בין כל התאים האנושיים המרכיבים את החברה כך נוצר גוף עדרי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך גם אם האנשים לא מאבדים לגמרי את זהותם האישית בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מובנה בהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצד האישיות האינדיבידואלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חלק הקושר אותם לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">מבנה מערכת זו מובן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">אם נזכור שכל הגופים התפתחו בהדרגה מתוך גופים מעטים ראשוניים בעלי מבנה פשוט במהלך שנים רבות של אבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">באופן טבעי בין גופים מעטים יש רק יחסים פשוטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הטבע המורכב של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מובן הרבה יותר כאשר אנו מתבוננים עליו בהקשר של מערכת פרקטלית אנושית שלמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לסיכום הטענה שלי היא שהאדם אינו יחידה עצמאית כמו שנהוג לחשוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא חוליה במערכת הררכית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמתחתיה התאים שלכל אחד מהם דפוס התנהגות הדומה לחיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומעליה החברה שגם לה דפוס התנהגות דומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אי אפשר לנתק את התנהגות האדם כתלות בהתנהגות התאים של גופו ובהתנהגות החברה שהוא בתוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן כדי להבין אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צריך לחקור את האדם במכלול המערכת ההיררכית האנושית הכוללת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את התאים ברמה מתחתיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החברות ברמות שמעליו ואופקית כל רמה ורמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קשה להבין איך מדענים לא התייחסו במשך שנים רבות לתופעות רבות של סנכרון הפרט עם האחרים והותירו את המחקר לפילוסופים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משוררים וסופרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק בשנים האחרונות קיבל הנושא חשיבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקרים בתחום הפסיכולוגיה החברתית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(Theory of mind), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו גם בתחומים משיקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקרים את הקשר בין אנשים באותה חברה ואת המנגנונים המובנים באדם לצורך זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המחקר בזה הוא עדיין בחיתוליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם זאת חקירת המערכת הפרקטלית האנושית פשוטה הרבה יותר ממה שאפשר לשער</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">כדי לגלות את הקשרים והפרמטרים שעומדים בבסיס מערכות החיים על החוקרים לנסות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;">בדומה למה שמנסים לעשות הפיסיקאים ברמות הבסיסיות יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למצוא את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>התאוריה</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>המאוחדת של החיים</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #252525;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרים על הקשר של אנשים לקבוצה</span></span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תחילה מעט מחקר עצמי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה הקורא וודאי דוחה את תופעת העדר כמשהו שקורה לאחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדרך כלל לאנשים בורים מהמעמד הנמוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה הקורא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם חופשי החושב ומחליט בעצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השקפת עולמך היא פרי של מחשבה עצמאית והגיון בריא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך האם זהו באמת המצב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בפעם הבאה כאשר תקרא מאמר פוליטי בעיתון החביב עליך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנח לרגע את העיתון מידך ותחשוב מה גרם לך לבחור לקרוא דווקא את המאמר הזה בעיתון הזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם תהיה ישר עם עצמך תמצא שאתה בחרת את המאמר לא מעט בגלל שהוא תואם את השקפת עולמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחר כך אני מבקש שתתגבר על הדחייה ותקרא מאמר שאינו תואם את השקפת עולמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם מצאת שם דבר טעם או שהטיעונים נראו לך טיפשיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם המאמר לא הרגיז אותך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק מי שיכול </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצאת מהקופסה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולחשוב שיש גם דרכים אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יכול למצוא טעם בדברי אדם השייך לקבוצה שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא מדובר רק בדעות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עיתונאי המדווח על חדשות מעוות אותן באופן לא מודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא מדגיש את החדשות המתאימות להשקפת עולמו ומתעלם מחדשות שסותרות אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זאת עוד לפני הפרשנות שהוא נותן למה שקורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנה ציטוט ממחקר מקיף על עתונאי ישראל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: “</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמעט שבעה מכל עשרה עיתונאים סבורים כי מערכות התקשורת אינן מיישמות במידה הנדרשת את כללי האתיקה והיושרה שהן דורשות ממושאי הסיקור שלהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וכמחצית מהעיתונאים מדווחים על לחצים כבדים לספק את הציפיות בכל מחיר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התופעה הבעייתית הרווחת ביותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פי המשיבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היא עיוות ציטוטים על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ידי עיתונאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמעט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">30% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהנשאלים נתקלו בעיוות של ציטוטים מפי מרואיינים לעתים קרובות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. 23.2% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נוספים נתקלו בעיוות ציטוטים לפעמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ורק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">17.2% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהמשיבים מעולם לא נתקלו בעיוות ציטוטים על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ידי עיתונאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם סיקור לא הוגן כתוצאה מיחסי תן וקח בין עיתונאים ומקורות מסתמן כתופעה רווחת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: 30.2% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהמשיבים דיווחו כי הם נתקלו בכך לעתים קרובות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, 17.6% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נתקלו בתופעה לפעמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ורק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">21% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהמשיבים לא נתקלו בתופעה זו מעולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באופן מדאיג לא פחות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">27.6% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהמשיבים דיווחו כי מעולם לא נתקלו בהשפעה של שיקולים מסחריים על תוכני החדשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ורק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">18% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא נתקלו מעולם בעבירות צנזורה ובהפרות של צווי פרסום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.”</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להסתמך על ידיעות ופרשנות מפי עתונאים כאלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי לוודא שאתה מקבל את האינפורמציה המלאה ולא רק את האינפורמציה המסוננת לפי השקפת עולמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חשוב שתחשף למקורות אינפורמציה רבים ושונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק כך תוכל לבנות לעצמך תמונה שלמה יותר של המציאות ולהסיק את המסקנות המתבקשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנחנו מעדיפים את המשותף ודוחים את השונה בכל הבט של חיינו ולא רק במאמרים הפוליטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תחשבו על פגישות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">('</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דייטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">') </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בין בחור ובחורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל דבר משותף מגביר את החיבה ביניהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חיבה המבוססת על היותם באותה קבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שיטת החקירה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שוטר טוב ושוטר רע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מבוססת על אותו רצון של אדם להשתייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנחקר מרגיש קירבה אל השוטר הטוב ונוטה לגלות לו סודותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">טבענו שאנו רוצים בקרבת אנשים הדומים לנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנטיה הזו כל כך חזקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שלפעמים די בהזכרת שמו של פוליטיקאי מהמחנה השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או אדם מקבוצה אחרת כדי להביא אותנו לתעוב ודחיה פיזית ממש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גזענות היא מקרה קיצוני של אותה נטיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מחקרים הראו שבמוחנו מובנים סטראוטיפים הגורמים לנו לחוש רגשות שליליים כגון תיעוב או שנאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכל מי שאינו שייך לקבוצה שלנו ורגשות חיוביים לאנשים מהקבוצה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חלק מסטראוטיפים אלו נבנים על ידי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה יכול להיות חינוך רשמי בבית הספר או בכנסיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חינוך של לחץ סביבתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או מתוך ניסיון אישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חלק אחר מובנה מלידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההצדקה האבולוציונית לסטראוטיפים היא גיבוש הקבוצה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המאפשרת שרידות טובה יותר ובידול מקבוצות אחרות המתחרות על אותם משאבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סיווג האנשים לכאלו שהם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהעדר שלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולכאלו שיש להתרחק מהם מחזקים את העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקביעות ההגיוניות האלו אושרו במחקר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תיאוריית הנפש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" (Theory of Mind) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתחה במוח האדם רשת עצבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שתפקידה לאפשר לנו להבין את מחשבותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רגשותיו וכוונותיו של אדם אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לנבא את התנהגותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולחוש אמפאתיה כלפיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מנגנון הרשת העצבית הזו מתבסס על הדמיון בדרך המחשבה וההתנהגות שלנו ולכן אותו מנגנון ממסך מהבנתנו את הדרך בה חושב ומתנהג אדם שלא נמנה על הקבוצה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למיומנויות חברתיות אלה היה יתרון אבולוציוני עצום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החיים בקבוצות חברתיות שיתופיות הגדילו משמעותית את סיכויי ההישרדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במחקר נמצא שאמונה דתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המלווה בכללי עשה ואל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תעשה וטקסים שונים במהלך החיים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נישואין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">),</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היתה הדבק החברתי שליכד את חברי הקבוצה ועל פיה נקבע מי חבר ומי אוייב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מי שייך ומי לא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ככל שרמת האמונה באל גבוהה כך גדלה הפעילות באזורי רשת ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-Theory of Mind </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שעוזרת להבנת כוונות ופעולות של אחרים באותה קבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנמצאת בעיקר ב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- inferior frontal gyrus.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אמונה ברגשות אלוהיים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זעם או אהבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הביאו לעלייה בפעילות באזורים העוזרים בהבנת רגשות של אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ביניהם ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- middle frontal gyrus </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- middle temporal gyrus. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ידע דתי הביא לעלייה בפעילות העצבית באזורים המתווכים העלאה בדימיון וזיכרון אפיזודי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ביניהם ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- fusiform gyrus </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- precuneus. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעניין לציין שבמוחם של הנבדקים הדתיים והנבדקים החילוניים נמצאה פעילות עצבית דומה אם כי לא באותה עוצמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בשלושת הרשתות הנ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החברה האנושית תלויה בחברי הקבוצה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראו מחקרים של באומיי סטר ושות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' 1995, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברואר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, 2007 ). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הצורך שלנו להיות חלק מקבוצה הוא בסיסי מאוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כיום טוענים חוקרים שהוא מוטבע בנו בשלב מוקדם של ההתפתחות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראו מחקר אובר ושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' 2009 ). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה מסביר את הצורך שלנו להשתלב בקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולהידמות לשאר חברי הקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה גם מסביר אספקטים שונים בהתנהגות הקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולמה אנו מזדהים עם קבוצה זו או אחרת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מחקר פיסק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, 2010 ).</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האיזון בין החברה לאדם</span></span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><ol style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><ol><li></li></ol></ol><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התהליכים בטבע מבוססים על איזון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצד אלמנט הפשטות שדנו בה בפרק על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הפרקטל האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין להבין שהאיזון בטבע משווה באופן מדויק בין כולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משמעות האיזון היא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השפעה של גורם אחד על גורם אחר בכיוון של השוואת כוחות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתחות אקראית – כלומר מוטציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שגורמת לברדלס לרוץ מהר יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתאזנת על ידי סינון אותם איילים בעלי מוטציה של יכולת בריחה מהירה מאותם ברדלסים משופרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחרים נטרפים ולכן קשה להם להעמיד צאצאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האיזון בין התפתחות תכונות טורף לאלו של הנטרף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא בבסיס האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך האיזון בטבע אינו מוגבל לתחרות בין טורף לנטרף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא קיים בכל תופעת טבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל גוף המפעיל כוח כלשהו על גוף אחר ומשנה את מצבו ממצב נייח לתנועה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגוף השני מפעיל על הגוף הראשון כוח השווה בעוצמתו אך מנוגד בכיוונו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נשמע מוכר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה החוק השלישי של ניוטון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או ליתר דיוק זה לא החוק של ניוטון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא חוק טבע שניוטון רק ניסח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניסוח אחר נראה שהטבע מאזן את הכוח שמפעיל גוף אחד על ידי הפעלת כוח נגדי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו שהוא מאזן יתרון של הטורף בהקניית יתרון לנטרף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לרוב האיזון אינו נעשה בין שני אלמנטים בלבד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא בין כל האלמנטים המשתתפים בפעולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הרחבה של החוק השלישי של ניוטון הוא חוק לנץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בפעולתו המגנטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזרם המושרה מתנגד לסיבת היווצרותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוק קובע שאם מניעים תיל נחושת בשדה מגנטי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זורם זרם היוצר שדה מגנטי המתנגד לכוח הראשוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוק לנץ בדומה לחוק השלישי של ניוטון מתאר איזון בטבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא שהכוח המתנגד נוצר דרך גורם שלישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוק לנץ עוסק ביחס של זרם חשמלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שדה מגנטי וכוח פיזי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך נכון לומר שבטבע נמצא תופעות רבות בהן נגרם איזון ישיר או דרך גורמים עקיפים נוספים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחת התופעות היא האיזון בין ההתנהגות האינדיבידואלית של אדם לבין ההתנהגות שלו כחלק מהחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תופעה שהיא נושא פרק זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">לצורך הבנת האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חשוב לקחת בחשבון עד כמה יש באותו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">מחשבה עצמאית ואיזה חלק בו משותף לחברה בה הוא נמצא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחת מהשאלות העיקריות שיש לחקור היא מה מנגנון שיתוף פעולה בין אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגורם ליצירת גוף גדול המאגד אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שיתוף פעולה זה קשור במה שמוגדר על ידי חוקרי אבולוציה כ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנכונות של הפרט לוותר על זכויותיו על מנת לחזק את הקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להבחין בשיתוף כזה בכל שלושת הרמות שהגדרנו בפרקים הקודמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רמת התאים הבודדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היוצרים גוף תוך ויתור על עצמאותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למרות שבכל אחד מהם יש את כל האינפורמציה הדרושה ליצירת גוף שלם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק תאי הזרע והביציות מתרבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רמת הגוף הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוותר על חלק מעצמאותו לטובת החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רמת החברות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משפחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קהילות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היוצרים עם החי במדינתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קיים קונפליקט בטבע בין ה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גן האנוכי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הרצון של הפרט לשרוד ולהתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבין אלטרואיזם – התופעות של וויתור השרידות האישית למען החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שקיים גם במינים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפי חוק המילטון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ובעצם גם לפי השכל הישר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האלטרואיזם חזק ככל שיש קרבה רבה יותר בין הפרט לקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להסביר זאת ביצר שרידות מורחב – למשפחה הקרובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">--> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">---> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לעם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">----> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שבדרך כלל זהה עם דת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עצם קיום חברה מלמד על קיום אלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כיוון שאי אפשר לחיות בחברה בלי לוותר על חלק מהעצמאות האישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שלושת מערכות החיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגוף והחברה מאזנות זו את זו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הגוף בסכנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל כאשר מרקם העור נפגע ונוצר פצע בגוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש נטיה של התאים להתרבות ולגדול כדי לסגור את הפצע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר חברה נמצאת בסכנה כמו בשעת מלחמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתגברים הגורמים המלכדים ומתגברת הנכונות לאלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פתאום אנשים פטריוטים יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וסלחנים פחות למי שלא כמותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר לחברה אין סכנות לוחצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו שקורה לאימפריות מצליחות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים דואגים יותר לעצמם ופחות מוכנים לתרום לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לצורך המאמר נדון באיזון בין החברה לאדם הפרטי בלבד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולא נחקור את האיזון בין התאים לאדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האיזון החשוב ביותר הוא בין תכונות האגואיזם של האדם הפרטי לבין תכונות האלטרואיזם הדוחפות אותו לתרום לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על חשבון טובתו האישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במהלך האבולוציה נמצא ששרידות מיטבית דורשת איזון כזה בין התכונות המלכדות אנשים לעמוד ביחד מול הסכנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבין תכונות אחרות השומרות על חירות האדם לחשוב אל מחוץ למקובל בעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להכניס את החדשנות הנחוצה להתפתחות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המינון של שני סוגי התכונות שונה מאדם לאדם ומשתנה גם עם הנסיבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדוגמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחברה שלנו בישראל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אצל אנשים המייצגים את השמאל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מדגישים יותר את היתרונות לפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על חשבון התרומה לקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים המייצגים את הימין מדגישים את חובות הפרט לחיזוק הקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על חשבון זכויות הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעבר שמאל וימין נתפשו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באופן פרדוכסלי בצורה הפוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הימין אופיין על ידי קפיטליזם המונע על ידי אגואיזם של הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והשמאל הסוציאליסטי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קומוניסטי דגל באלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החלוצים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בקיבוצי השמאל היו המתנדבים הגדולים ליחידות הלוחמות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקיבוץ עצמו היה דוגמה לאלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בו החבר הבודד נדרש לוותר על זכויותיו עבור הקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היום דווקא בימין נמצאים המתנדבים ליחידות הלוחמות יותר מאשר בקרב אנשי השמאל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השאלה היא מהו המינון הרצוי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עד כמה הפרט חייב לתרום לכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ועד כמה הוא יכול לקבל חזרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש לזכור שההשקעה של הפרט בחברה מקדמת את כל אזרחי המדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כולל אותו פרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדעתי אסטרטגיה נבונה לאזרח היא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להשקיע בחברה ככל שהוא יכול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בלא לפגוע יותר מידי בעצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך היא תשגשג והוא יחד איתה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הדבר דומה לבעל מפעל המשקיע חלק מרווחיו ברכישת מכונות חדשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שיגבירו את הייצור ואיתו את רווחיו העתידיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היחס בין הנכונות של אדם לתרום לטובת הכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבין החתירה לטובת הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בין אגואיזם לאלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא הבסיס להשקפת העולם של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם נציב השקפות עולם על גרף אפשר להבין טוב יותר את היחסים ביניהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמאל מול ימין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמרנות מול חדשנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אמונה באל מול אפיקורסיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רוב האנשים מצטופפים איפה שהוא במרכז הגרף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך תמיד ישנם אנשים בשוליים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בזמנים קשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גרף הגאוס מקבל שיפוע חד יותר ואנשים רבים מחליקים לכיוון הקצוות הקיצונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם נתבונן באנשים הקיצוניים האלו מקרוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נראה שאלו הנמצאים משני קצוות הגרף דומים מאד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התכונה המאפיינת ביותר את הקיצונים היא פולחן וההיאחזות בסמלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דתיים מקפידים בלבוש מסורתי זהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדוקים בשירת תפילותיהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומעריצים את הרבנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ליברלים קיצונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עוטפים עצמם במותגים זהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדוקים בהשמעת המוזיקה שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומעריצים את גיבורי התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חלילה להם מלאכול חזיר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ואלו חלילה להם מלאכול בשר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלו ואלו חושבים שרק הם צודקים בדעותיהם והאחרים לא רואים את האור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לשמחתנו</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>, </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הרוב הדומם הוא זה שקובע את אופי החברה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM-0HNZ8235IY3Ca5S0zUdCk9oDaGTkGvcugj1OsjgHKnG3J3IiVTQO6mptZa6wotXYKtUzO7XvSklb4duyoYV_T4YDtppQUcL99CtEWR012HI5_YYbJ3o96lm8p0GztFAhoJFJ9BEgehW3pOQVMGryaMgyCExfocgR6GXVqMOYfmGLKaZi9FGatvn/s1280/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM-0HNZ8235IY3Ca5S0zUdCk9oDaGTkGvcugj1OsjgHKnG3J3IiVTQO6mptZa6wotXYKtUzO7XvSklb4duyoYV_T4YDtppQUcL99CtEWR012HI5_YYbJ3o96lm8p0GztFAhoJFJ9BEgehW3pOQVMGryaMgyCExfocgR6GXVqMOYfmGLKaZi9FGatvn/s320/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /><b><br /></b></span></span></span><p></p></h3><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>האם אפשר לשנות דעות</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>?</b></span></span></span></span></h2><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 0.42cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><ol style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><ol><li></li></ol></ol><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוויכוחים בסלון שלנו כאשר החברים מתארחים ביום שישי לוהטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בזמן שהחבר בעל הדעות מהשמאל טוען את טיעוניו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברים אחרים בוחנים אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק כדי למצוא את הדרך הטובה ביותר לסתור אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לשם כך הם מגייסים את הטיעונים ששמעו מפובליציסטים מהמחנה שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר מישהו מוצא טיעון מוצלח במיוחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא לא מתאפק וקוטע את דברי חברו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להציג בפניו את המציאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חברים מהשמאל עושים אותו דבר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ואינם מבינים איך חבריהם לא רואים את האמת הברורה להם כל כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוויכוח מסתיים בדרך כלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר לאשתי נמאס מהצווחות והיא מביאה קפה ועוגה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שלגבי איכותה אין וויכוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסיפור הזה אינו ייחודי לבלוי שישי בסלון שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא הוא חוזר על עצמו בכל מקום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השאלה הנשאלת מדוע שני אנשים בעלי אותה רמת השכלה ואינטליגנציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינם יכולים להסכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התשובה הראשונה שעולה להסבר תופעה זו היא שאין בארץ תרבות וויכוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך נדמה לי שלתופעה זו שורשים עמוקים יותר מהיכולת לנהל וויכוח נימוסי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תופעה זו קיימת גם בארצות בהן שומרים על נימוס בויכוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל מי שמתעניין במבנה המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יודע שמוחנו מעבד את האינפורמציה המגיעה מהחושים מסנן אותה במסננת הטבועה בו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומציג בפנינו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בפני התודעה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את המסקנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המסננת הזו במוחנו מנפה את כל העובדות שמאיימות לזעזע את צדקתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכוונה לשמור על שלוות רוחנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הבעיה היא שלאנשים בעלי דעות מגוון אחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מסננת שונה מאלו בעלי דעות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המסננת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזו בנויה מהקשרים הקבועים בין תאי המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">חלקם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשרים גנטיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שקיימים כבר בשעת לידתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קשרים אלו נוצרו בשנים רבות של אבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הם מאורגנים בסטריאוטיפים הגורמים לנו לפחד מאריות ולרוצץ גולגולות הנחשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חלק אחר נטבע במוחנו תוך לימוד וניסיון אישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה החלק שקובע במידה רבה את השקפת עולמנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמתם לב שבנים במקרים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הם בעלי דעות כהוריהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יד על הלב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם אתם לא מדלגים על מאמרים של בעלי דעות שונות משלכם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעדיפים לקרוא אותם עיתונים המביעים את הדעות שלכם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אל תתביישו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך המוח שלנו עובד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זו גם הסיבה שאנו לא באמת שוקלים את הטיעונים של בר שיחנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מפריע לנו לקבל מצב שאולי אנו טועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למוח הערמומי שלנו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הפועל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתחת לרדאר התודעה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש דרכים רבות לתרץ ולהציג את הדברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שנהיה משוכנעים בצדקתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אז אי אפשר לשנות דעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה אפשרי אך קשה מאד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאנשים מבוגרים קשה יותר מאשר לילדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי לילדים הקשרים הקובעים דעות במוחם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא התקבעו בחזקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכל קבוצה יש אנשים שיש להם את היכולת להשתחרר מכבלי ההשקפה הקודמת ולקבל שנויים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אלו בודדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחברות מגובשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיקר בקבוצות דתיות כמו המוסלמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קשה לאדם להשתחרר מהדעות המקובלות הרבה יותר מאשר בחברה חופשית מערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">איך זה אצלך הקורא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם אתה מוכן להודות שאולי אתה טועה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ויש משהו בדברי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם אתה מוכן לקרוא מאמרים של בעלי דעות שונות משלך בעיתונים שאתה לא מנוי עליהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם אתה מוכן לקבל שיש גם צדדים אחרים לפרשה שהובאה לידיעתך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקבעון המחשבתי הוא גם הסיבה שדפוסי הצבעה משתנים לאט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם בנוכחות עדויות חותכות של כישלון מדיניות שתמכנו בה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדמוקרטיה תיאורטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל מפלגה העומדת לבחירה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולא חשוב כמה מנדטים היו לה בכנסת הקודמת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יכולה לקבל את כל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">120 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המנדטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המציאות היא שזה לא קורה כי אנשים נוטים להשאר בסביבה התרבותית הנוחה שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>אפשר לשנות דעות</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>, </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>אך השנוי איטי ונדיר</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p></h3>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-80243646232519963402023-02-10T10:20:00.000+02:002023-02-10T10:20:02.231+02:00<h1 style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> בנית תמונת המציאות</span></b></h1><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין אדם דומה לחברו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש שמנים ורזים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גבוהים ונמוכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שחורים ולבנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכל זאת אנו יכולים לקבוע במבט אחד שלפנינו אדם ולא נמלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">אפילו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם ולא קוף</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזהה לנו בתשעים ושמונה אחוז מבחינה גנטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש משהו משותף לבני האדם המאפשר לנו לבדל אותם מכל חי אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באותה מידה אין מוח אדם הדומה למוח אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אנו יכולים לזהות מנגנוני מחשבה בסיסיים המשותפים לכל אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בהמשך הפרק הזה אנסה לשרטט את המנגנונים הבסיסיים האלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין אנו יודעים עדיין בדיוק איך המוח פועל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אפשר להסיק רבות על פעולת המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר ניקח בחשבון את המגבלות הפיזיות של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומתוך כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעזרת מחקר המוח שכבר נעשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומתוך התבוננות עצמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להסיק איזה הפתרונות האבולוציה מצאה לפעילות המוח כדי להתמודד עם אתגרי המציאות הנעים בקצב מהיר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר לרשות המוח </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חומרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">איטית וגודל מוגבל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היה עליו להסיק מסקנות בהסתמך על הערכות המבוססות על הנתונים המעטים שהספיקו להגיע מהחושים בזמן הקצר שלרשותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להחליט אם לברוח או להסתער</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לשם כך המוח נעזר בבסיס הנתונים הקיים במוח מלידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומועשר על ידי ניסיון חיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מחקרים הראו עד כמה מוצלח המוח בהערכות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מספיק למוח להבחין בתנועה אופיינית לנמר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להגיע למסקנה שהחיה המתקרבת היא נמר וכוונתו לתקוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מספיק לראות כמה נקודות זזות על מסך המחשב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להסיק שלפנינו רקדנית בריקוד שמח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היכולת המדהימה של המוח להערכה על סמך נתונים מועטים נסמכת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפי אין ספור מחקרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על שימוש בבסיס הנתונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בסיס נתונים זה כולל טבלאות של מסקנות ותגובות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנשלפות בתגובה לנתונים החלקיים הזורמים מהחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האינפורמציה שהמוח מקבל מהחושים משמשת רק כהדק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(Trigger) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי לשלוף את התוצאות הרשומות בטבלה ולהפעיל את התגובה המובנית הצרובה במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח של האדם המודרני אינו שונה מבחינה זו ממוחו של האדם הקדמון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי משך ההיסטוריה האנושית המודרנית מהווה חלקיק קטן מהזמן בו התפתח המוח האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה נכון לדברים חשובים כמו גם לדברים חסרי חשיבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו הניסוי שנעשה בצבעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתברר שאדם תמיד יחשוב שצבע הבננה צהוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי כך צרובה תמונת הבננה במוחו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן כאשר המוח מזהה צורת בננה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זו תמיד תיראה צהובה ללא קשר עם צבעה האמיתי באותו רגע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניסוי הצבע של הבננה שונה על ידי תאורה צבעונית אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך המוח תמיד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את הבננה כצהובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא כך הדבר כאשר מציגים לאדם ריבוע סתמי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין בבסיס הנתונים של המוח צבע אופייני לרבוע ולכן הוא ייראה בצבעים שונים לפי התאורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניסויי מחקר אחרים בדקו את הקישור הסטראוטיפי של אדם שחור או היספני עם אלימות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפני כמה שנים ארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ב געשה על מקרה בו שני שוטרים הרגו אדם היספני בלוס אנג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הוא בעצם רק ניסה להוציא תעודה מזהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השוטרים טענו שהם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>ראו</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> שהוא הוציא אקדח</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקרים באוניברסיטה בדקו טענה זו על סטודנטים לפסיכולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המחקר הראה שגם סטודנטים לבנים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאינם חשודים בגזענות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">טועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בפני הסטודנטים הציגו סרטים של אנשים שונים שחלקם שולף ארנק וחלק אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אקדח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסטודנטים התבקשו לציין אם הם רואים אקדח או ארנק כאשר לרשותם זמן קצר להחלטה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסטודנטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו השוטרים בלוס אנג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נטו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לראות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אקדח בידי כושים והיספנים יותר מאשר בידי לבנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוכחה לכוח של הסטראוטיפים בהסקת מסקנות במיוחד כאשר אין זמן להכניס שיקולי השקפת עולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לראות עד כמה אנו מסתמכים על סטראוטיפים הצרובים במוחנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפי הדרך בה אנו אוהבים את המזון שהורגלנו אליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את נופי מולדתנו המוכרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וגם את הדעות המוכרות מהבית ומהסביבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה הקורא יכול להעביר בדמיונך את כל הדברים האלו ולבדוק שזה המצב גם אצלך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שימוש בבסיס הנתונים שבמוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינו הדרך היחידה בה המוח מקצר תהליכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתברר שהמוח מסנן את האינפורמציה החשובה לו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואליה הוא מכוון את החושים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על ידי סינון מוקדם זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא מקבל רק את האינפורמציה החיונית לו בלי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רעשי סביבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להחליט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא אינו חייב לבחון נתונים רבים שאינם רלוונטיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם קולט אינפורמציה מהסביבה כאשר הוא משתמש בחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזהים פחות או יותר אצל כולנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכולנו עיניים המצוידות כדי לקבל אינפורמציה חזותית אל המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך מוחו של כל אחד מאתנו מכוון אותן לראות דברים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הדבר דומה למשקפת אופרה שהגבר מכוון אותה לראות את הנשים היפות בשמלות הערב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והאישה מכוונת אותה אל הטנור יפה המראה בחזית הבמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במחקר שנערך כדי להבין איך אדם קורא ספר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נמצא שאדם אינו קורא את הכתוב לפי הסדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח פוקד על העיניים לדלג על מילים שהוא מכיר ולחזור לאחור לקרוא מילה שאינו מכיר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בצורה זו המוח יכול להאיץ את הבנת הכתוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר אנו מקשיבים לבן שיחנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מעמעם קולות שכנים המפריעים להתרכז בשיחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">על ידי הסינון המוקדם הזה המוח חייב להתמודד עם פחות נתונים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאחר הקלט המהיר של נתונים מהחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מעבד את האינפורמציה הנקייה שנקלטה בסיוע בסיס נתונים הקיים בו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להרכיב תמונה של המציאות שתעזור לו לשרוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מגיב מידית כאשר הוא מוצא צורך בכך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ורק לאחר מכן הוא מעביר את תמונת המציאות שבנה לתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לשם לעיבוד מושכל נוסף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לטווח הארוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תמונת המציאות שהמוח בונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינה התמונה שהעיניים שלנו רואות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא דימוי המציאות שהמוח בונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר השוו את תמונת האזורים הפעילים במוח כאשר אדם רואה תמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתמונת האזורים האלו כאשר אדם מדמיין אותה תמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נמצאה זהות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוכחה לכך שהתודעה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דמוי של המוח ולא צילום של העיניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מערכת עיבוד האינפורמציה במוח היררכית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להבחין בשלושה שלבים היררכיים עיקריים בטיפול של המוח באינפורמציה המתקבלת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">בכל אחד משלושת השלבים האלו שונה כל אדם מחברו ועלינו להעריך איך מוחו של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">מטפל בכל שלב ושלב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השלבים הם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">איסוף נתונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עיבוד הנתונים ותגובה מהירה במקרה הצורך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עיבוד נוסף של הנתונים כדי לתכנן תגובה לטווח ארוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-19091626634594579002023-02-08T14:24:00.000+02:002023-02-08T14:24:02.309+02:00<h1 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> כלים המשמשים את המוח להחלטה</span></h1><p>לאחר שהמוח בנה את תמונת המציאות המשמשת בסיס להחלטה איך להגיב על האינפורמציה הנכנסת, הוא משתמש בכלי עזר להחליט מה התגובה הטובה ביותר ולבצע את תגובתו.</p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.25cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">תחילה אנחנו מעצבים לנו מנהגים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">ואחר כך המנהגים מעצבים אותנו</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">ג</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 7pt;">ון דריין</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם תפקוד המוח התפתחו במשך האבולוציה כלים שונים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים כאלו קיימים בעיקר בחלק המוח שנקרא </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תת מודע</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למשל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">החלטה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זיכרון</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חיקוי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.53cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכלים נוספים משתמש בעיקר החלק במוח הנקרא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">', </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">:</span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 0.53cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דמיון</span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 0.53cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדחקה</span></span></span></span></p></li></ul>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-58137795727921311362023-02-08T14:17:00.000+02:002023-02-08T14:17:00.257+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> המוח כבמאי</span></b></h1><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לא רואה את אותה מציאות שאני רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">באנלוגיה למחשבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כאשר המנהל מעביר מסמך לעובדיו כדי שיעבדו אותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">המזכירה רואה את הטקסט של המסמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בעוד המעצב הגרפי מתרכז בגרפים המצורפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">באותה צורה מקרים כאלו של ראייה שונה של מציאות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שהיא המסמך באנלוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">על ידי אנשים שונים נפוצים וידועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כל אדם משוכנע שמה שהוא חש בחושים שלו זו המציאות האמיתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אני רואה אותך בעיני ושומע את הקולות שאתה משמיע באוזני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אז אל תספר לי שאתה לא קיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.'</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">לנושא הספר אין חשיבות למציאות האמיתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">חשוב להבין שאנשים שונים מבססים את המסקנות שלהם על עובדות שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">גם אם הם מסתכלים על אותה מציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">הסיבה שתמונת המציאות המגיעה למוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אינה משקפת נאמנה את המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">נעוצה בגלל מגבלות החושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כמו גם בגלל מגבלות המוח הקולט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">החושים שלנו מוגבלים הן בתדירות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">טווח הצבעים בראייה וטווח הצלילים בשמיעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ברגישות הקובעת את טווח הראייה והשמיעה ועוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">החושים שלנו מוגבלים אפילו בהשוואה לחיות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אין להשוות בין יכולת הראייה שלנו לבין היכולת של הנץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בין חוש הריח שלנו לזה של הכלב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בין חוש השמע שלנו לחוש השמיעה של העטלף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לכן בהגדרה איננו קולטים את כל טווח המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">המוח שלנו מוגבל אף הוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">הן בגלל מגבלות שנובעות מהמבנה שלו והן בגלל מגבלות שהשקפת העולם שלנו מטילה על בניית תמונת המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מגבלות הנובעות מהמבנה של המוח כוללות בין השאר את העובדה שקשה לנו לתפוש כל דבר שאינו בסדרי הגודל שלנו כמו מספרים גדולים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">דברים בלתי מוכרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">זמנים ארוכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מרחקים גדולים מאוד או קטנים מאוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מגבלות הנובעות מהשקפת העולם גורמות לנו לסנן עובדות שלא מתאימות להשקפת עולם ולדמיין עובדות אחרות שלא קיימות כדי להצדיק את השקפת העולם שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בדוגמה של הילארי קלינטון היא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ראתה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בבנגזי אנשים המוחים על העלבת מוחמד נביאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">על ידי סרט וידאו שהופץ באינטרנט ולא כפי שהתברר לאחר מכן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">התקפה יזומה של אל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">קאידה על שגריר ארצות הברית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">במוחה מוטבעת השקפת עולם של צורך בהכרת תודה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לכן ציפתה להכרת תודה על הפעולות שארצה עושה עבור המוסלמים בבנגזי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בדוגמה אחרת אנו רואים שלפלשתינים ברור שישראל עושה פעולות כדי להרוס את אל אקצה ושום הכחשה של הממשלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שום הצגת עובדות בתקשורת הישראלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לא משכנעים אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">הם פשוט רואים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">עובדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שונות ממה שהיהודים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">רואים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בגלל בסיס הנתונים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">סטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">השונה הצרוב במוחם של היהודים והפלשתינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מעבר לכל אלו קשה לכל אדם לקבל דברים שאינם אינטואיטיביים ומתאימים לנסיונו האישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לכל האמור לעיל יש ביסוס מחקרי ואף הגיון אבולוציוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדוגמה נפרט את תהליך הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל תמונה שנקלטת במוחנו ע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">י העין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעובדת בחלוקה לתאים הבסיסיים שנקראים פיקסלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תאים בעלי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">3 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צבעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדום ירוק וכחול </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">RGB, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו במסך מחשב צבעוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לכן </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התמונה מתקבלת במוח כמפה של פיקסלים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי שיתקבל בתא מסוים צבע מסוים נשלח אות חשמלי לאותה נקודה כך שהקומבינציה של האות החשמלי לכל צבע וצבע ייתן את הצבע הרצוי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין סימטריה במספר החיישנים הקולטים את הפיקסלים המפוזרים בעין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נקודת המרכז של רשתית העין שלנו הרבה יותר רגישה וצפופה במספר החיישנים משאר אזורי רשתית העין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקביל מרכז הרשתית של העין תופס נפח גדול מאוד מאזור הקליטה במפת הפיקסלים במוח שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מחקרים שבדקו את צורת ההתבוננות של מרכז הרשתית בכל תמונה נתונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גילו להפתעתם שמרכז הרשתית מתביית על נקודות חשובות בתמונה כמו פנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או עצמים מעניינים וסורק אותם מספר פעמים הלוך ושוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל עוד אנחנו מתבוננים בתמונה הנתונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העין לעולם לא סורקת את התמונה כולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אל המוח מגיעה התמונה ברמה של פיקסלים בודדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מייחס חשיבות יותר גדולה לנקודות מרכזיות בתמונה היום יומית שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הפנים של האדם יתפסו כ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- 50% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משטח מרכז הקליטה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ושאר התמונה יקבל יחס שולי ב </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- 50% </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנותרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כך שלמעשה כל אדם רואה תמונה שונה מחברו גם אם הם מביטים על אותו דבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראינו שיש הבדל בין הגישה המקובלת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המניחה שמה שאנו רואים זו המציאות ומה שאנו מבינים זו האמת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבין הגישה שאני מציג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדעתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מה שאנו חושבים כמציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינו אלא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סרט פרסומת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהמוח שלנו מציג לתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בהשאלה מעולם הטכנולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפי הגישה הראשונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו רגילים לדמות את מה שאנו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רואים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתודעה שלנו למסך של מצלמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העיניים באנלוגיה זו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הן עדשות של מצלמת וידאו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הן מתרגמות את התמונה לאינפורמציה חשמלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כימית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהעצבים יכולים להעביר למרכזי המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במוח אינפורמציה זו מתורגמת חזרה לתמונה שאנו רואים בתודעתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באותה צורה אנו שומעים קולות במנגנון נפרד של שמיעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אוזננו קולטות את שינויי לחץ האוויר הנובע מגלי הקול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הופכות אותם לאותות חשמליים שעוברים דרך העצבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומתקבלים במרכזי המוח הספציפיים שמתרגמים אותם חזרה לקולות שאנו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שומעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עד כמה גישה זו אינה נכונה מעידות עובדות רבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנה שתי דוגמאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין צורך בעיניים כדי שאדם יראה תמונה על מסך התודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הרכיבו מטריצה של סיכות המופעלות על ידי מצלמת וידאו ולוחצות את התמונה על עורו של אדם עיוור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האדם ראה תמונה כאילו הועברה אליו מהעיניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמובן באיכות של מספר הסיכות המשמשות כפיקסלים של התמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עצם העובדה שאנו רואים תמונה ישרה כאשר התמונה המוקרנת על הרשתית בעצם מתהפכת על ידי עדשת העין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוכיחה שהמוח חייב לעבד את התמונה לפני שהוא מציג אותה לתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניסוי בו אנשים הרכיבו משקפיים בעלות עדשות ההופכות את התמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התברר שתחילה הם ראו את התמונה הפוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך לאחר זמן המוח הפך אותה חזרה והם ראו באותה צורה כמו שראו ללא המשקפיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאחר שהסירו את המשקפיים שוב חזרו לראות הפוך למשך זמן מה עד שהמוח הפך את התמונה חזרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אני מעדיף לדמות את התהליכים האלו כתהליך המורכב יותר של יצירת סרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מה שאנו רואים על מסך הקולנוע של התודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא לא תמונת המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מניפולציה של המוח</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>, </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>המשמש כבמאי המביא תסריט מבוסס על טריקים של מצלמה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התהליך של הפקת הסרט על ידי המוח הבמאי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כולל שלושה שלבים התואמים לשלושת השלבים ההיררכיים שמפעיל המוח במהלך עבוד הנתונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>צילום</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> – איסוף נתונים לבניית תמונת המציאות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>השוואת הנתונים לתבניות מובנות</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> – כדי להבין את סיפור המציאות בצורה מהירה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>עריכת הסרט תוך הוספת אפקטים</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> – עריכת סיפור המציאות כדי להביאו אל התודעה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">איני אומר שהתודעה משמשת רק כמסך לסיפור שרוקח המוח הבמאי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברור שלתודעה תפקיד חשוב ביכולת השרידות של אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם לא היה יתרון גדול בתודעה מפותחת לשרידות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היא לא הייתה מתפתחת למה שהיא בשנים הארוכות של האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל מה שאני אומר הוא שהתודעה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק את תמונת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהמוח מקרין עליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זו אינה תמונת מציאות אמיתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התודעה היא החלק במוח שאנו נוהגים לזהות כ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן נדון בה בנפרד מרובו של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המהווה את מה שנהוג לחשוב עליו כתת מודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להבדיל אותו מהתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כאשר אנו מנסים להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אנו מתייחסים בעיקר לתודעה שלו כי אנו מזהים תודעה כ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">זו כמובן טעות כי חייבים להבין את פעולת המוח כולו כדי להבין איך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חושב ומגיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התודעה היא רק חלק קטן מהמוח כולו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אמנם חלק חשוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך כמו שפרויד הבין באופן אינטואיטיבי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רוב תהליכי החשיבה והתגובה נערכים בתת המודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתפקיד החשוב של התודעה נגיע בהמשך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאחר שאמרתי זאת אמשיך בדמוי המוח כבמאי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">צילום</span></span></span></span></span></h4><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם אנו רואים כל מה שמסביב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או שהעיניים מקבלות הוראות מהמוח הבמאי מה לצלם ועל מה להתמקד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו שעושה במאי סרטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקרים רבים המוח מספר תסריט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באנלוגיה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השחקנים פועלים לפי תסריט שבראש הבמאי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחת ההוכחות שמנגנון </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראיית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המציאות אינו עובד כמצלמת וידאו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היא שהתסריט שאותו מוח במאי מחבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יכול להיות סרט מצויר דמיוני לחלוטין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו שקורה בחלום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או כפי שקורה כאשר אדם הוזה תחת השפעת סמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התודעה מקבלת מציאות וירטואלית זו בחלום כמציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אין הבדל בין החוויה של החלום והמציאות הערה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תחושות הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השמיעה או הריח זהות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למרות שבחלום אין שום גירוי חושי הגורם להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לפעמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו חווים מעין חלום כאשר אנו רואים סרט</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר אנו קוראים ספר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמכניס אותנו למציאות שלו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו בסרט כך בחיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש באמת מצלמת וידאו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העין שמצלמת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך האם היא מצלמת מציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר אנו רואים שני שחקנים משוחחים במכונית נוסעת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם המכונית באמת נוסעת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או שרק מתקבל הרושם הזה כאשר מקרינים רקע של נוף זז מאחוריהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">בצורה דומה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר אנו יושבים ברכבת ולידנו נוסעת רכבת שניה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מקבלים את ההרגשה שהרכבת שלנו זזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם דוגמאות אלו לא משכנעות שאנו לא רואים את המציאות ללא מניפולציות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דוגמאות הרבות של תעתועי ראיה שישכנעו כל אחד עד כמה אי אפשר להסתמך על העין</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם כן המוח יוצר בדרך כלל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המבוסס על צילום שחקנים בשר ודם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמשחקים את התפקיד לפי הוראות הבמאי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוראות המוח לחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">).</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הבמאי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">שלנו שונה </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מהבמאי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">של </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">האחר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ולכן הם יוצרים </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">סרטים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">שונים של המציאות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו עיתונאי טוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם המוח מדרג את מקורות המידע שלו לפי אמינותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח שלנו גם מנצל כל פיסת מידע שברשותו כדי לפענח מידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן הוא משתמש גם בחוש הראייה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סוג של קריאת שפתיים אוטומטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי לפענח מה אנשים אחרים אומרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקר בשם מקגורק מצא שחוש הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אמין יותר עבור המוח מחוש השמיעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניסוי מפורסם שנקרא אפקט מקגורק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">בניסוי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו רואים את השפתיים אומרות דבר שונה ממה שאנו שומעים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מבטל את השמיעה לטובת הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נסיין ותיק של אותו אפקט מודה שהוא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שומע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את תנועת השפתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למרות שהוא מודע למניפולציה ויודע מה האיש בסרט אומר באמת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אי אפשר היה להנות מסרט קולנוע בסגנון הישן המופק על ידי הקרנה מהירה של תמונות סטיל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם התמונות לא היו זזות מהר מידי ביחס ליכולת הקליטה של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן הוא מתרגם את התמונות לתנועה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם המוח היה מהיר מספיק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היינו רואים רק נקודת אור בודדת הרצה על מסך הטלוויזיה במקום לראות את התמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מדענים מצאו שהמוח משתמש רק בערך עשרה אחוז של האינפורמציה החושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לראות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאור זאת מוזר ששופטים נותנים משקל כל כך כבד לעדות ראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם איזהו שופט היה מסתמך על עשרה אחוז אמת בעדות אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח משלים את תשעים האחוז הנותרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על ידי שימוש בבסיס הנתונים שלו ותוכנת הערכות חזקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתעלול הכדור הנעלם של קוסמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקוסם זורק כמה פעמים את הכדור לאוויר כדי להרגיל את המוח לעקוב אחריו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחר כך הוא פשוט עושה אותן תנועות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך משאיר את הכדור אצלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתברר בניסוי מבוקר הבודק את כיוון הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהעין אכן לא רואה את הכדור עוזב את ידו של הקוסם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך המוח מאמין יותר לבסיס הנתונים שלו בו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נכתב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהכדור עוזב את היד העושה את אותן התנועות של זריקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מניח שהכדור אכן עוזב את היד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו בפעמים הקודמות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ורואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את הכדור עף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק כאשר הצטברו נתונים נוספים מהעיניים שהכדור לא באוויר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הכדור נעלם מהתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם יש אינפורמציה מהחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והיא לא סותרת אינפורמציה אחרת מהחושים האחרים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מקגורק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עדיין המוח </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מאמין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבסיס הנתונים המובנה בו יותר מאשר לחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן הוא בונה לעצמו לעתים קרובות תמונת מציאות שגויה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמובן שדרך פעולה זו של המוח אינה שרירותית אלא קיימת כדי לעזור לו לשרוד ולתפקד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">שחקן כדור בסיס לא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היה יכול לתפוש כדור הביסבול בזמן שדרוש לעיבוד תמונת הכדור שמגיע</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא אם כן המוח יודע </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדמיין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את מסלול ולחכות לכדור בזמן ובמקום הנכון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">צייד קדמון בערבות אפריקה לא היה יכול לזרוק את גרזן האבן שלו ולפגוע בארנבת הבורחת אם מוחו לא היה מדמיין את המסלול המדויק הדרוש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הבעיה היא שכדי להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טוב היה לדעת גם מה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הוא</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> רואה על מסך התודעה שלו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">וזה לא בדיוק מה שאנו רואים וחושבים שזו המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 14pt;"><div><span style="font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div></span><h4 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">השוואת הנתונים לתבניות מובנות</span></span></h4><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראינו שהמוח עושה מניפולציות בשילוב של כל החושים של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מצליב אינפורמציה של הנתונים הזורמים אליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומשלב אותם עם בסיס הנתונים בניסיון לקצר זמנים עוד יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זו הסיבה לשימוש המסיבי בסטראוטיפים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שיצא להם שם רע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסטראוטיפים משמשים כבסיס הנתונים של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באנלוגיה של כתיבת מסמך עבור המנהל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למזכירה יש מילון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המאפשר לה לגלות שגיאות באיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעוד למעצב הגרפי יש בסיס נתונים של תמונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן הוא אולי לא מתקן שגיאות איות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך יודע לשפר את עיצוב הגרפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדוגמה של הילארי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בסיס הנתונים של קבוצת הליברלים שאליה היא שייכת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מגדיר שכל בני האדם מגיבים באותה צורה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניגוד למוסבר לעיל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן לא יתכן שהמוסלמים יהיו כפויי טובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בסיס הנתונים שלה קובע שאנשים שמקבלים עזרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יודו לעוזר ולא ירצחו אותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">אך למרבה התדהמה שלה המציאות שונה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להבין את העובדה שבני אדם שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נותנים תשובות שונות לאותם גירויים בגלל בסיס נתונים שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חשוב לדעת גם איך נבנה אותו בסיס נתונים סטראוטיפי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסטראוטיפים נבנים במוח במנגנונים הבאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סטראוטיפים המובנים במוח של התינוק כחלק מהתורשה דרך הגנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. - </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך התינוק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להתרפק אל אמו ולהיזהר מנחשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סטראוטיפים אלו כמעט זהים אצל כל בני האדם כי הם הוטמעו בשנות האבולוציה הארוכות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יחסית לשנות ההיסטוריה האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בהן האדם חי בטבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">סוג זה של סטרואוטיפים נפוץ בבעלי חיים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סטראוטיפים שמוטבעים על ידי חינוך וחיקוי של הסביבה התרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדרך כלל סטראוטיפים אלו מוטבעים כבר בגיל צעיר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ככל שהאדם פחות אינדיבידואל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך הוא מקבל בקלות רבה יותר דעות ודרך מחשבה של הכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">סטראוטיפים אלו דומים לכל בני אותה קבוצה תרבותית אך שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">שייך לקבוצה תרבותית שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סטראוטיפים שנבנים מתוך ניסיון חיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא היה טעם בהכשרה ובאימון טייסים לקבלת החלטות אינסטינקטיביות מהירות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למצבים שאומנו להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">סטראוטיפים אלו שונים מאדם לאדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">קשה מאד להעריך איזה מהסטראוטיפים טבוע באדם בלי שמכירים אותו היטב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יתכן שיש עוד גורמים הבונים סטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך לצורך הבנת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מספיק להכיר בגורמים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינטואיציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ניסיון וסטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שייכים לאותו מנגנון במוח העוזר לנו לקבל החלטות מהירות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין אדם המודה שהוא פועל לפי סטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל אדם חושב שהפעולות והמחשבות שלו מבוססות היגיון ומוסר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה מזכיר לי שעשועון רדיו ישן בו התבקשו המשתתפים להגדיר אותה תכונה משלוש נקודות מבט שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה והוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אני יודע לנהל את כספי בצורה טובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה די חסכן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבל הוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא קמצן איום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או אם נשליך זאת על מקרים שקרו במציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אני בעד להעביר משתכנים חדשים לשכונה שלנו מבחן התאמה כדי שהם ירגישו טוב בסביבה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אתה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעדיף שכנים מהסוג שלך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבל הוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא גזען חשוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ביחס לשימוש בסטראוטיפים אנשים מגיבים באותה צורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אני פועל בהיגיון ובמוסריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אתה משתמש באינטואיציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אבל הוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הוא גזען הפועל וחושב רק לפי הסטראוטיפים ששטפו לו את המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו שיש לאדם נקודה עיוורת בעינו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך יש לו בורות נעלמים במוחו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם אדם לא רוצה ליפול לאחד מאותם בורות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עליו לסגל לעצמו הרגל של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ריחוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעל לעצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לאתר את הבורות כדי לדעת איך לעקוף אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">רק אנשים בודדים מסוגלים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">לרחף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">או להסתכל על עצמם כאילו מבחוץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ולהיות מודעים לכך שהם פועלים וחושבים בעיקר בהתאם לסטראוטיפים שבמוחם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסיבה לכך היא שאחד מהתפקידים של המוח הוא להגן על שלוות התודעה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח לא בוחל באמצעים לעשות זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">;</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא מעוות את הראיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את הזיכרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ממציא סיפורים המאדירים את שמנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ובעיקר גורם לנו את אותו עיוות המציג אותנו בצורה סלחנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא מוצא יתרון בכל מה שאנו עושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך הוא לא כל כך סלחני לגבי האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חייבים לזהות את הסטראוטיפים של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">בנוסף להערכה כיצד הוא רואה את המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להעריך מה הוא חושב שהן העובדות האמתיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">בלי קשר למה אנו חושבים לגבי העובדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">עריכה</span></b></span></h4><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראינו שברמת עיבוד הנתונים במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח מוסיף ומשמיט עובדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוסיף אפקטים של רגשות ובונה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סצינות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המתאימות להשקפת העולם וסצינות אלו הוא מציג כתמונת המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">לכן ראיית המציאות שלי ושל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;">שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #ff00cc;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בשלב שלאחר עיבוד הנתונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסרט המצולם עובר עריכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קטעי צילום שאינם מתאימים לסיפור מושמטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וקטעי וידאו אחרים מושתלים מתוך ספריית הווידאו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">העורך מוסיף כיתוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוזיקה ופעלולים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ויוצר את הסיפור לפי הוראות הבמאי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח כמו אותו במאי סרטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עורך את האינפורמציה שהתקבלה מהחושים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משמיט קטעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאחר כך אנו נשבעים שלא ראינו אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומוסיף אלמנטים מתוך בסיס הנתונים הקיים במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי ליצור סיפור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את הסיפור הזה המוח מקרין על מסכי הקולנוע של התודעה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תופעות אלו ועוד רבות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוכיחות שהתמונה המוקרנת בתודעה היא מניפולציה של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח משתמש בחושים ובבסיס נתונים הקיים אצלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומקרין את מה שהוא בוחר להקרין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסיפור שהמוח מקרין על התודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משתדל להתאים להשקפת עולמנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאם לא כן נרגיש חוסר נחת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מה שאנו רואים בתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינו אלא תמונת מציאות המבוססת על נתונים מהחושים ומבסיסי הנתונים במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על בסיס הבנת המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תוכנת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוח בונה תחושות ומראות עבור התודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מכאן אפשר להסיק שאפשר להשתיל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תמונת מציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתודעה גם באמצעים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש התחרות עזה בין חברות טכנולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המספקות מכשור למשחקי מחשב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתצוגות טובות ואמינות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהפתוחים האלו נהנים גם תחומים אחרים בטכנולוגיה של מחשבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להניח שבתחרות הזו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תמצא הטכנולוגיה המאפשרת להקרין ישירות לתודעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יום זה לא כל כך רחוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כבר היום יש ממשקים המחברים את המחשבים הדיגיטליים למוח האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היתרון של תצוגה כזו הוא שאפשר יהיה להשתיל לא רק תצוגה ויזואלית וקולית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא גם ריחות ואפילו רגשות ואולי גם זיכרונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל הדברים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שמושתלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היום לתודעה על ידי המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">התוצר הסופי הוא אשליית מציאות שמשמשת כבסיס להחלטה לצד הכלים המשמשים את המוח להחלטה.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כלים להחלטה </span></span></span></span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-939863850849897402023-02-07T10:26:00.004+02:002023-02-07T10:26:51.919+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"> קבלת הנרטיב של האחר</h1><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL">הטעות המסוכנת מכולן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">היא קבלת הסיפור </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">והקבוצה שלו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הסיפור של המתולוגיה היוונית על הספינה של אודיסאוס שחייבת לעבור ליד אי בו שוכנות הסירנות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מדגים את הסכנה בקבלת הנרטיב של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מלחים המקשיבים לקולות הסירנות המפתות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">יאבדו את הרצון לחזור למולדת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לכן חייב היה אודיסיאוס לאטום את אוזניהם ולקשור אותם לתורן הספינה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">גם בימנו יש אנשים שמקבלים את הנרטיב של הקבוצה האחרת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">עד כדי חבירה לקבוצה של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים זה מתחיל ברצון ללמוד על </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">דבר חיוני כדי להבין אותו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים זה מהרצון להיות פתוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">סובלני ולקבל את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כדי ללמוד או לקבל את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">חייבים להנמיך את הגנות התרבות שלנו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הקיימת כדי לבדל אותנו מקבוצות אחרות שעלולות להשפיע עלינו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הנמכת חומות התרבות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">תוך התעלמות מהנרטיב שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מאפשרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה של הנרטיב </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הסכנה היא שכאשר מנמיכים את החומה התרבותית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מורידים הגנות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">ובמקום ללמוד את האמת על </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לומדים את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">שהוא מספר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">וחושפים עצמנו למנגנון התרבותי המשוכלל שמשתמש בנרטיב כדי לספח אנשים לקבוצה האחרת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">חשוב לדעת את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">נרטיב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אך ורק אם זוכרים שזה סיפור שמסופר במטרה לאחד ולגבש את הקבוצה של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להרחיק את השפעת קבוצות אחרות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ובו זמנית להביא שלוות תודעה לכל פרט בקבוצה של </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם המקורב לנרטיב של תרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">'</span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">' </span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עלול להיות שבוי בקסמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">'</span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולהתגבש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">' </span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בקבוצה היריבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">.<br /></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">חייבים גם לזכור שאין קשר הדוק בין </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">נרטיב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">למציאות האמתית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב הוא מגמתי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אנו עלולים לשכוח שאנו שייכים לקבוצה שונה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">ושעלינו לחתור למולדת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">ולא להיסחף לאי זר בעקבות קולן המפתה של הסירנות של הנרטיב השכן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הנטייה של ליברלים מערביים לכיוון הנרטיב המוסלמי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">פוגעת ביכולת השרידות של התרבות המערבית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">המוסלמים הוכיחו שהם מספיק מתוחכמים ובעלי ניסיון בהונאת </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כדי לדעת ללחוץ על הכפתורים הנכונים ולהפעיל את הממשל האמריקאי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הם לחצו על כפתור המסכנות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כפתור הפתיחות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">ולא היססו ללחוץ על כפתור השנאה ליהודים שהוחדרה במערב במשך שנים רבות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מהכיוון שלהם חומות התרבות המוסלמית גבוהות מספיק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כדי להקשות על הכלוא בתוכן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">להחליף את הנרטיב המוסלמי בנרטיב המערבי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-5315486979639860892023-02-07T10:22:00.002+02:002023-02-07T10:22:22.508+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"> התעלמות מהקבוצה</h1><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL">קשה לאנשים להבין מושגים ערטילאים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">קל יותר להתייחס לאדם מסוים ולהזדהות עם מקרה פרטי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לכן כאשר הוא מנסה להבין את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הוא מתייחס לאדם הפרטי </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">ולא לקבוצות בהן הוא משתתף</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">עורכי החדשות בטלביזיה יודעים זאת היטב ולכן תמיד מעדיפים להביא את </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הזוות האישית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">המעניינת וברורה תמיד יותר מהצגת רעיונות כלליים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">זו טעות כי הקבוצה אליה אדם שייך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">משפיעה על אופן חשיבתו ועל תגובותיו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">יש מחקרים רבים המראים שבני אדם משנים את התנהגותם כאשר הם נמצאים בקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אך אין צורך במחקר מעמיק כדי לראות איך אדם יכול לשנות את התנהגותו כאשר הוא נמצא בסביבה חברתית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מספיק לראות את המאמינים היוצאים מהמסגד ביום שישי וצועקים ססמאות כאיש אחד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">או את אוהדי הכדור רגל המעודדים את קבוצתם בשבת בשירה נלהבת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">או מקללים את השופט במילים שלא היה עולה על דעתם להשתמש בהם מחוץ למגרש</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים ההשפעה של הקבוצה אינה מוגבלת רק לזמן בו האדם משתתף באירוע חברתי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אלא משפיעה על ראיית המציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">דעותיו ופעולותיו בטווח הארוך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין את מה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ואיך הוא יגיב על כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חייבים ללמוד את תפישת המציאות ואת הערכים של הקבוצה לה הוא שייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ולאמוד את מידת ההשפעה של הדעה הקבוצתית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">עליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">תינוקות נוטים להיות אגואיסטים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כלומר פחות שייכים לקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מהסיבה הפשוטה שקשה להם לשרוד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אך כאשר הם גדלים הם נוטים יותר לכיוון שבטי ומושפעים מהחברה בה הם נמצאים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים הם נטמעים בתוך הקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">מתוך הרצון לקבל את החסות של השבט</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הם יתנהגו כמצופה מהם </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ילבשו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מותגים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">יאמצו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורת דיבור וכו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">').<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">תנועת המטוטלת הזו מתאזנת אצל רוב בני האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">אחרי שהם מתבגרים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים בוגרים יש חלק שהוא פרטי ואישי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">וחלקים אחרים של שייכות לקבוצות שונות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין אדם חייבים ללמוד על אופי הקבוצות אליהן הוא משייך עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">במקביל ללימוד האופי הפרטי של האדם ואת מידת ההשפעה של הקבוצה עליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">טעות היא לנסות להבין את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">כאשר בוחנים אותו כפרט עצמאי בלי להבין את השפעת הקהילה עליו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הדבר דומה לבחינת התנהגות נמלה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">בלי להבין את התנהגות הקן כולו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL">הנמלה היא רק תא אחד בתוך גוף הגדול יותר שנקרא קן נמלים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-59167477012437300242023-02-07T10:08:00.001+02:002023-02-07T10:13:49.596+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> אשליה של שוויון</span></h1><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">טעות נפוצה בקרב אלו המעוניינים להבין אחרים, היא הנחת היסוד המבוססת על פרשנות ליברלית של העיקרון שנוסח במהלך המהפכה הצרפתית: " כל האנשים שווים", (למרות שבמהפכה הצרפתית הם התכוונו ל'שוויון' במובן זה שלכל האנשים מגיעות זכויות וחובות שוות, לא זהות). אם אנחנו ממש שווים, אז האדם האחר צריך להרגיש ולהגיב בדיוק כמונו. טעות זו נפוצה בכל התרבויות. הליברלים בעולם המערבי מרגישים שכולם, לא משנה לאיזו קבוצה תרבותית הוא משתייך, יוקיר את החיים בדיוק כמוהם, אם יקבלו אותם חירויות ומעמד כלכלי. המוסלמים משוכנעים שכל האנשים היו חולקים את רגשות הכניעה שלהם לאללה, אילו רק היו מציגים את עקרונות אמונתם. עבור כולם, ברור שערכיהם ואורח חייהם הם מה שכל האנשים צריכים לשאוף אליו. אם למישהו יש שאיפות וערכים שונים, הוא פשוט טועה. העובדות הן שהערכים של המוסלמים שונים משל הליברלים. כניעה לאלוהים (שזו המשמעות של המילה "איסלאם") וכבוד נמצאים בראש הערכים שלהם. ערך הכבוד גבוה מקדושת החיים, ובוודאי גבוה בהרבה מרמת החיים, ששניהם נמצאים בראש ערכי הקהילה הליברלית. לכן כל קבוצה תרבותית מתקשה להבין את האחרת. מנהיגי הליברלים חושבים כל האנשים שווים וזכאים ליהנות מחופש ושגשוג. חומייני, מנהיג איראן, פועל על אותה הנחה שכל האנשים הם יצירותיו של אלוהים במידה שווה. לכן הוא לא יכול להבין מדוע הם מתריסים לאללה ולנביאו מוחמד. בעיניו, ברור כאור היום, שכולם צריכים להיות שיעים ולחיות לפי חוקי השריעה. חוסר ההבנה של המנהיגים הוא מכריע, כי הוא טומן בחובו סכנה. אבל אפילו האנשים הפשוטים עושים את אותן טעויות. האם אי פעם שמתם לב שבמפגשים חברתיים, גברים ונשים נוטים ליצור קבוצות נפרדות, כאשר כל קבוצה דנה בנושאים שונים? אנו יכולים להסיק שאנשים שונים חושבים ומגיבים אחרת למרות שבעצם המוח שלנו פועל באותה צורה בסיסית. לומר שאנשים שווים ולכן מגיבים בצורה דומה היא פשוט טעות הנובעת משאלת לב ולא מהמציאות. שימוש במחשבים כאנלוגיה, ברור שמחשב המריץ יישומים גרפיים יראה על המסך שלו משהו שונה מאוד מהמסך של המחשב המריץ מעבד תמלילים, אפילו למרות ששני המחשבים בנויים ומתפקדים באופן דומה <br />על בסיס עקרונות זהים. שכנוע עצמו להאמין שכל האנשים חושבים ומרגישים באופן דומה מוביל להערכה אחרת לגבי הרגשות והתגובות של אנשים אחרים. יש להימנע מהנחת היסוד הזו! אין שני אנשים שווים או, כפי שניסח זאת לוינס - <b>הפנים של האחר הם תמיד מה שאני לא</b></span></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-85989173340304028872023-02-05T09:55:00.016+02:002023-02-05T19:03:10.529+02:00<p><br /></p><h1 style="text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">ספרים - סופר בורא עולם מדמיונו וזורע בו מחשבותיו</span></h1><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><h2 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span><b><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post_9494.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">האיש שלא רצה להיות כבשה<br /></a></b></span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post_21.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b>חמשת חומשי תרבות<br /></b></span></a><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_73.html"><span style="font-family: inherit;">להבין את האחר</span></a></b></span></span></h2><h2 style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">הפרויק</span>ט<br /></b></span></a><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.co.il/2013/05/blog-post_606.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b>ד'ר כהן ומר צביקה<br /></b></span></a><span><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2020/05/blog-post.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">תרגום לא נאמן למקור<br /></a></b></span><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.co.il/2012/05/blog-post_283.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b>אסי ואלי שודדות בנק<br /></b></span></a><span><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2021/12/blog-post_86.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">איש תמים <br /></a></b></span><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.co.il/2012/05/blog-post_8959.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b>חבורת העורבלידים <br /></b></span></a><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.co.il/2013/05/blog-post_7518.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span><b>פני מלאך</b></span></a> <br /><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.co.il/2014/08/blog-post_24.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span><b>ספרי ילדים<br /></b></span></a><span><b style="background-color: white;">משבר האנרגיה<br /></b></span><span><b><span style="background-color: white;">הגמלאים</span><br /></b></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2011/06/blog-post_8780.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">השתקפות התרבות באמנות</span></a></b> </span></span></h2><p><span style="color: #cc0000;"> </span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-18094728907420645232023-02-04T15:03:00.005+02:002023-02-07T10:43:26.000+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;">כשלים בראיית המציאות</h1><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">אשליית השוויון</span></span></h3><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">טעות נפוצה של האנשים הבאים להבין את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היא ההנחה ש </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב ומרגיש כמונו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">טעות זו נובעת מהדעה שנוסחה בצורתה הידועה ביותר במהפכה הצרפתית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: “</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל בני אדם שווים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">." </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר מקבלים קביעה זו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">טבעי שנחשוב שאם כל בני אדם שווים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים אחרים יגיבו באותה צורה כמונו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הטעות הזו נפוצה במיוחד בין אנשים ליברלים בעולם המערבי החושבים בטעות שאנשים מתרבות אחרת יתנהגו כמוהם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הילארי קלינטון הייתה אסירת תודה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לו מישהו היה עושה למענה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מה שארצות הברית עשתה למען תושבי בנגאזי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן היא נדהמה כשהם לא התנהגו כמצופה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חמינאי מנהיג איראן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב שכל בני האדם שווים לכן הוא לא מבין למה לא כולם מוסלמים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">לו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור כשמש</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שכולם צרכים להתאסלם ולחיות לפי חוקי השריעה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לנו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הליברלים המערביים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור שהערכים שלנו ודרך החיים שלנו היא הדבר שאליו חייבים כל בני האדם לשאוף</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם הם חושבים אחרת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מתנהגים אחרת ובעלי ערכים שונים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם פשוט טועים או עדיין לא מספיק מפותחים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בדוגמה של הילארי השייכת לשבט הליברלי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הדרך לחיות היא לקדש את החיים ולתת לכולם ובעיקר לשבט המוסלמי רמת חיים המתאימה למערב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך למוסלמים סולם ערכים שונה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההכנעה לאל </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שזה פירוש האיסלאם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והכבוד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם ערכים הגבוהים בסולם הערכים שלהם מקדושת החיים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ובוודאי מרמת חיים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן מצווה היא להרוג את השגריר הכופר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חוסר ההבנה של המנהיגים בולט כי הוא מסוכן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם אנו האנשים הפשוטים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לוקים באותה טעות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם הגברים מבינים את האובססיה הנשית לנעלים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם הנשים מבינות את חוסר הרגישות של הגברים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמתם לב שבשיחות הסלון נוצרות שתי קבוצות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אחת של הנשים והשנייה של הגברים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל קבוצה מדברת על נושאים שונים הקרובים לליבה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל אדם יכול להבחין שאנשים שונים חושבים ומגיבים באופן שונה למרות שהמוח שלהם עובד באותה צורה באופן בסיסי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לומר שאנשים שווים ולכן מגיבים באותה צורה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זו פשוט טעות הנובעת הרהורי לב יותר מאשר מציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים אינם מעבדים את הקורה סביבם באותה צורה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">באנלוגיה למחשבים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור שמחשב אפל של מעצב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המריץ אפליקציה גרפית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מציג על המסך משהו שונה ממחשב של המזכירה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המשמש לה כמכונת כתיבה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות ששני המחשבים בנויים בצורה דומה ופועלים בעקרונות זהים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">השכנוע הפנימי שכל האנשים חושבים ומרגישים אותו דבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">מביא להערכה מוטעית לגבי איך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חושב ומגיב ולכן יש להיזהר לא להתבסס על הנחה כזו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אין שני בני האדם שווים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או בניסוחו של הפילוסוף לווינס</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם תמיד מה שלא אני</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.''</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><br /></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">התעלמות מהקבוצה</span></h3><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה לאנשים להבין מושגים ערטילאים</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קל יותר להתייחס לאדם מסוים ולהזדהות עם מקרה פרטי</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן כאשר הוא מנסה להבין את </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא מתייחס לאדם הפרטי </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולא לקבוצות בהן הוא משתתף</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">עורכי החדשות בטלביזיה יודעים זאת היטב ולכן תמיד מעדיפים להביא את </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הזוות האישית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">המעניינת וברורה תמיד יותר מהצגת רעיונות כלליים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו טעות כי הקבוצה אליה אדם שייך</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משפיעה על אופן חשיבתו ועל תגובותיו</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש מחקרים רבים המראים שבני אדם משנים את התנהגותם כאשר הם נמצאים בקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אין צורך במחקר מעמיק כדי לראות איך אדם יכול לשנות את התנהגותו כאשר הוא נמצא בסביבה חברתית</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק לראות את המאמינים היוצאים מהמסגד ביום שישי וצועקים ססמאות כאיש אחד</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או את אוהדי הכדור רגל המעודדים את קבוצתם בשבת בשירה נלהבת</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או מקללים את השופט במילים שלא היה עולה על דעתם להשתמש בהם מחוץ למגרש</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים ההשפעה של הקבוצה אינה מוגבלת רק לזמן בו האדם משתתף באירוע חברתי</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא משפיעה על ראיית המציאות</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דעותיו ופעולותיו בטווח הארוך</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין את מה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">רואה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ואיך הוא יגיב על כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חייבים ללמוד את תפישת המציאות ואת הערכים של הקבוצה לה הוא שייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ולאמוד את מידת ההשפעה של הדעה הקבוצתית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">עליו</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תינוקות נוטים להיות אגואיסטים</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלומר פחות שייכים לקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהסיבה הפשוטה שקשה להם לשרוד באופן אישי והם עדיין לא התחברו לקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך כאשר הם גדלים הם נוטים יותר לכיוון שבטי ומושפעים מהחברה בה הם נמצאים</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים הם נטמעים בתוך הקבוצה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך הרצון לקבל את החסות של השבט</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם יתנהגו כמצופה מהם </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ילבשו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מותגים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">יאמצו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורת דיבור וכו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תנועת המטוטלת הזו מתאזנת אצל רוב בני האדם</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרי שהם מתבגרים</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים בוגרים יש חלק שהוא פרטי ואישי</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וחלקים אחרים של שייכות לקבוצות שונות</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין אדם חייבים ללמוד על אופי הקבוצות אליהן הוא משייך עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">במקביל ללימוד האופי הפרטי של האדם ואת מידת ההשפעה של הקבוצה עליו</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">טעות היא לנסות להבין את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר בוחנים אותו כפרט עצמאי בלי להבין את השפעת הקהילה עליו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר דומה לבחינת התנהגות נמלה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בלי להבין את התנהגות הקן כולו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הנמלה היא רק תא אחד בתוך גוף הגדול יותר שנקרא קן נמלים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. כך גם האדם</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><br /></p><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">קבלת הנרטיב של האחר</span></h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הטעות המסוכנת מכולן</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא קבלת הסיפור </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והקבוצה שלו</span></span></span></h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסיפור של המתולוגיה היוונית על הספינה של אודיסאוס שחייבת לעבור ליד אי בו שוכנות הסירנות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מדגים את הסכנה בקבלת הנרטיב של </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מלחים המקשיבים לקולות הסירנות המפתות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יאבדו את הרצון לחזור למולדת</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן חייב היה אודיסיאוס לאטום את אוזניהם ולקשור אותם לתורן הספינה</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם בימנו יש אנשים שמקבלים את הנרטיב של הקבוצה האחרת</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עד כדי חבירה לקבוצה של </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים זה מתחיל ברצון ללמוד על </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דבר חיוני כדי להבין אותו</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים זה מהרצון להיות פתוח</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סובלני ולקבל את </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי ללמוד או לקבל את </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים להנמיך את הגנות התרבות שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקיימת כדי לבדל אותנו מקבוצות אחרות שעלולות להשפיע עלינו</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הנמכת חומות התרבות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">תוך התעלמות מהנרטיב שלנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מאפשרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה של הנרטיב </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסכנה היא שכאשר מנמיכים את החומה התרבותית</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מורידים הגנות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ובמקום ללמוד את האמת על </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לומדים את </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא מספר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וחושפים עצמנו למנגנון התרבותי המשוכלל שמשתמש בנרטיב כדי לספח אנשים לקבוצה האחרת</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב לדעת את </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נרטיב</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך ורק אם זוכרים שזה סיפור שמסופר במטרה לאחד ולגבש את הקבוצה של </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-weight: normal;">להרחיק את השפעת קבוצות אחרות</span> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL" style="font-weight: normal;">ובו זמנית להביא שלוות תודעה לכל פרט בקבוצה של </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם המקורב לנרטיב של תרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עלול להיות שבוי בקסמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולהתגבש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בקבוצה היריבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים גם לזכור שאין קשר הדוק בין </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נרטיב</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למציאות האמתית</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנרטיב הוא מגמתי</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו עלולים לשכוח שאנו שייכים לקבוצה שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושעלינו לחתור למולדת</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולא להיסחף לאי זר בעקבות קולן המפתה של הסירנות של הנרטיב השכן</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנטייה של ליברלים מערביים לכיוון הנרטיב המוסלמי</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פוגעת ביכולת השרידות של התרבות המערבית</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוסלמים הוכיחו שהם מספיק מתוחכמים ובעלי ניסיון בהונאת </span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי לדעת ללחוץ על הכפתורים הנכונים ולהפעיל את הממשל האמריקאי</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם לחצו על כפתור המסכנות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כפתור הפתיחות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולא היססו ללחוץ על כפתור השנאה ליהודים שהוחדרה במערב במשך שנים רבות</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהכיוון שלהם חומות התרבות המוסלמית גבוהות מספיק</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להקשות על הכלוא בתוכן</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להחליף את הנרטיב המוסלמי בנרטיב המערבי</span></span><span style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></h3><p> </p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-83292884855680371142023-02-04T14:55:00.004+02:002023-02-06T20:55:10.049+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b> כשלים בראיית המציאות</b></h1><div><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">פילוסופים רבים מתחבטים בשאלה איך נדע שמה שאנו רואים הוא המציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם טוענים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאולי הכול מתרחש רק במוחנו </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קנט</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למעשה הם כמעט צודקים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאור ההסבר הקודם על הדרך בה אדם חושב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפילוסוף הסקוטי דיוויד יום</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשב (ואני מסכים עימו) שכל מושגינו על סיבתיות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ודאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מקום בזמן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכרחיות וכיו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ב הם בגדר המצאה של הרוח האנושית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו גם האמונה באלוהים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדעתו הכול קיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ודאי ושריר במסגרת התבונה שמסננת את העולם עבורנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וכך הופכת למשל את הרעיון של סיבה ותוצאה לאפשרי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך לרוב בני האדם קשה לקבל רעיונות כאלו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים חשוב מאד לדעת שיש סדר שאפשר לסמוך עליו והאלוהים נתפש כמי שערב לסדר בעולם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרי מוח מהתקופה האחרונה איששו את הצורך של האדם בסדר דברים מוכר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אי סדר מקשה על הערכות מצב וחיזוי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">כפי שראינו </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הערכות מצב וחיזוי זו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדרך בה המוח האנושי פועל</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אולי ההיגיון של האנשים הנשען על אינטואיציה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">טועה גם כאן כמו שטעה רבות בעבר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והסדר העולמי לא קיים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אולי יכולה להיות תוצאה הקודמת לסיבה שהביאה אותה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זה נישמע מופרח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כך נשמעו בעבר קופרניקוס</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וקפלר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאמרו שבעצם הארץ סובבת סביב השמש ולא להפך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התבונה המוגבלת שלנו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או נכון יותר לומר האינטואיציה המוגבלת שלנו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נתקלת כל פעם מחדש בעובדות שאינה מבינה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תורת הקוונטים והניסויים שנערכו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קובעים למשל שהסדר האינטואיטיבי האומר שלכל תוצאה קדמה הסיבה אינו נכון תמיד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל פעם שהעובדות שנחשפו בניסוי סתרו תיאוריה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נמצאה תאוריה חדשה שקידמה את הידע האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">אולי גם כאן תימצא התאוריה המתאימה לתוצאות שמקבלים בניסוים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יכול להיות שיש מגבלה ליכולת התבונה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך מי יודע מה גבולות היכולת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר דומה להגדרת מגבלות היכולת של ספורטאים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל פעם שקבעו את גבולות היכולת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תבדו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושברו מחדש את שיאי העולם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש תקוה שגם בנושא זה גבולות יכולת התבונה האנושית גבוהים מספיק כדי להבין עוד רבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאלה חשובה אחרת שפילוסופים רבים התחבטו בה היא</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם אנו מתארים למעשה רק את הדרך בה אנו תופסים את העולם שסביבנו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או את העולם עצמו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאלה זו קשורה לשאלה האם המציאות היא מצב ממשי קיים שבו אנו חיים ואותו אנחנו חוקרים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או שמא היא למעשה הדרך המוגבלת שלנו כבני אדם לתפוס ולהגדיר את הקיום</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והיא איננה העולם האמתי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפילוסוף הגרמני מרטין היידגר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עסק בשאלות היש והקיים בספרו </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוויה וזמן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היידגר טען שהוויית האדם שונה מהותית מהוויית החפצים בשלושה עניינים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוויית האדם נמצאת בתנועה מתמדת<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוויית האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יודעת על עצמה</span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השלישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהוא נמצא בתוך העולם</span></span></span></span></span></span></h2><p align="right" class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">שלוש הוויות אלו הינן יתרונות של מה שאדם יודע על עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">לעומת מה שהוא יודע על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היידגר הציע לענות על השאלה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מהי הישות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">על ידי חקירת הוויית האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מעבר להתחכמויות הפילוסופיות האלו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היידגר נגע בבעיות של הכרת המציאות על ידי המוח </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בניסוח שלו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גם ללא הידע הקיים היום בחקר המוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מה שחשוב יותר לענייננו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא נגע גם בבעיה של הבנת </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">יודע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">מה קורה במוחו וזה לגביו יתרונו על האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">יתרונו זה של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הוא גם חסרונו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כי הוא לא יודע מה קורה במוחו של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">באותה מידה שהאחר לא יודע מה קורה במוחו הוא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מבחינת ההבנה המצב גרוע עוד יותר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ראינו שמוח האדם בנוי כך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא רק משער מהי המציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא גם לא יודע כל מה שקורה במוחו הוא</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי כמעט כל מה שקורה שם נסתר מהתודעה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפסקאות הקודמות הראנו שאף אחד לא רואה ממש את המציאות כפי שהיא</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך כדי להבין את </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב פחות מהי באמת המציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ויותר מה </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב שזו המציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לעומת מה שאני חושב כמציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה אנשים מצאו באופן אינטואיטיבי שמנגנונים בסיסיים במוח זהים אצל כל בני האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בסופו של דבר אנו בנויים מאותו פס ייצור</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים אלו מנצלים את הידע הזה כדי להונות את המוח של אחרים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ציירים </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אשר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למשל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או קוסמים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מצאו דרך להונות את הראייה שלנו תוך שימוש בהבנת הדרך בה המוח מפרש את האותות המגיעים אליו מהעיניים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מלחינים מצאו את הדרך להלחין מוזיקה שתפעים רגשות בבני האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם גורמים עצבות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמחה או הרקדה על ידי חיבור צלילים בסדר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גובה וקצב נכונים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך הבנה אינטואיטיבית של הדרך בה המוח מגיב לקולות ומייצר את הכימיקלים המתאימים לרגשות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יוצרי סרטים רומנטיים משתמשים שוב ושוב באותה נוסחה מנצחת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הגורמת לאנשים להזיל דמעה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם היצקוק מצא את הדרך לגרום להרגשת מתח ואימה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בסרטי המתח שלו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נוכלים ואנשי שיווק </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שזה כמעט אותו עיסוק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מומחים במשא ומתן ופוליטיקאים רבים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גילו את חולשות האנוש ומנצלים אותן לטובתם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כולם מצאו שאם לוחצים על הכפתורים הנכונים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מקבלים תגובה זהה של כל אדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך למרות שאנשים אלו מצאו דרך </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להפעיל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">את מוח זולתם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם יודעים לעשות זאת בתחום צר בלבד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רוב בני האדם לוקים בחוסר הבנה מלא של המנגנונים המפעילים את מוח האדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חוסר ההבנה נובע מחוסר ידע ומודעות על מנגנוני החשיבה של בני אדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ומטעויות הערכה אופייניות שעיקרן</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אשליית השוויון</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התמקדות בפרט</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קבלת הנרטיב של </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם נדע לדלג על כשלים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">נדע להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">טוב יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-55552981632299654592023-02-04T12:05:00.015+02:002023-02-06T12:44:24.597+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"> <b>האבולוציה</b></h1><h2 style="text-align: right;"><span><span><span><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: right;"><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים מתגלה שנושאים מורכבים ובלתי מובנים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מצייתים לחוקים פשוטים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר מדענים שלחו את הטיל הראשון אל הירח כתבו בעיתונים בהתפעלות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עד כמה שילוח הטיל חייב להיות מדויק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי כל תזוזה של מאית המעלה תגרום לטיל לא לפגוע במטרה כל כך קטנה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו כמובן שטויות של עיתונאים שלא מבינים דבר בטכנולוגיה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קל מאד לפגוע בירח </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או היום להשחיל פצצה בחלון של בית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם יש לנו שליטה במעגל סגור </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מצלמה </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הרואה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">את המטרה ומשדרת תיקונים למסלול הטיל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ככל שמתקרבים למטרה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המטרה גדלה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וקל לתקן מסלול כדי לפגוע במרכזה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זו דוגמה לפעולה שנראית למי שאינו מבין</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כפעולה מסובכת ולמעשה היא פעולה פשוטה מאד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר אנו מביטים בהשתאות על המורכבות של המינים בכלל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ושל המוח האנושי בפרט</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה לנו להבין איך נוצרה המורכבות הזו ואנו נוטים לשייך אותה למעשי אלוהים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האמנם זה מעשה אלוהי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השחלה של טיל מבעד לחלון המרוחק אלפי קילומטרים אינו </span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קסם טכנולוגי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה מידה גם התפתחות המין האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אינו נס שנעשה על ידי האל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">דארווין הראה שזו אבולוציה ארוכת שנים שמונעת על ידי כמה כללים פשוטים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הרעיון הבסיסי בתורת האבולוציה הוא</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שורדים המתאימים ביותר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זה בערך כמו להגיד שמי שבנוי לשרוד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא בעל סיכויים טובים יותר לשרוד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מובן מאליו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14593_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סימן ההיכר של כל רעיון גאוני הוא הפשטות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רעיון גאוני מאופיין על ידי כך שאומרים</span></span><span lang="en-US">: “</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איך אני לא חשבתי על כך</span></span><span lang="en-US">?” </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כזה היא הרעיון של דארווין</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14595_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המנגנון שהציע דארווין ושאומת במחקרים רבים אחריו</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא שבמהלך התחלקות התא בתהליך ההתעברות קורה לעיתים שיבוש </span></span><span lang="en-US">(</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מוטציה</span></span><span lang="en-US">) </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמשנה תכונות בצאצא הנולד</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הטבע האכזרי מסנן את הפחות מתאימים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם השיבוש גרם לתכונה שעוזרת לשרידות</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אותה תכונה תועבר לדורות הבאים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שיבושים אחרים לא יועברו מעצם כך שנשאי אותן תכונות לא שורדים</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14597_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך הרעיון הבסיסי הזה התפתחות המינים נראית ברורה</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקרי אבולוציה יודעים היום לצייר את מסלולי ההתפתחות של המינים השונים בדיוק הולך ומשתכלל</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14599_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם זאת תורת האבולוציה המקורית שהגה דארווין</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אינה שלמה</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14601_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אפילו דארווין עצמו סבר שיש תופעות בטבע שאינן מתיישבות עם תורת האבולוציה שהגה וניסה להשלים את התאוריה</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14603_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היום ברור לחוקרים רבים שיש צורך להרחיב את התאוריה</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14605_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם נקרא לתיאוריה המקורית של דארווין – </span></span><span lang="en-US">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תורת האבולוציה הפרטית</span></span><span lang="en-US">', </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התורה המורחבת תיקרא – </span></span><span lang="en-US">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תורת האבולוציה הכללית</span></span><span lang="en-US">' </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בדומה למינוחים המקבילים בפיזיקה</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש מדענים חוקרים השוקדים על תחומים שונים המשלימים את התאוריה המקורית</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הרעיון של דארווין העומד בבסיס תורת האבולוציה</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא רעיון בסיסי שנכון לתחומים נוספים</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14607_615200668"></a><span lang="en-US">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תורת האבולוציה הכללית</span></span><span lang="en-US">' </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולה לכלול את התחומים הבאים</span></span><span lang="en-US">:</span></p><ol style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL"><b>האבולוציה הפרטית</b></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span lang="en-US">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התפתחות המינים דרך מוטציות במהלך הלידה המסוננות במשך דורות רבים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור שרק אלו העוזרות לשרידות עוברות לצאצאים</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מעצם העובדה שמי שאינו שורד אין לו את הזמן והיכולת להוליד צאצאים כמו חברו השורד</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התהליך הזה בולט ביותר כאשר הסביבה משתנת בצורה מהירה ופריטים של אותו מין שהם בעלי מוטציות המתאימות לסביבה החדשה שורדים</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בעוד האחרים נכחדים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. – </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זו התאוריה המקורית של דרווין</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p></li></ol><p align="right" class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14613_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL"><b>אבולוציה של חברות</b></span><span lang="he-IL"> – האנושות מורכבת מחברות שונות שכל אחת מהן מתמודדת עם האחרות בתנאי סביבה משתנים כדי לשרוד</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כבר דרווין עצמו הבין שתופעת אלטרואיזם אינה מתיישבת עם התאוריה הבסיסית</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="en-US">אם אדם מוכן לוותר על חייו למען אחר</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="en-US">ברור שהגנים שלו</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="en-US">הכוללים רצון לוותר לאחרים</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="en-US">לא ישרדו</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="en-US">למרות זאת אנו עדים שהתכונה הזו של אלטרואיזם קיימת ושורדת</span></span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקרי אבולוציה אחדים קושרים את התופעה עם היתרונות של שיתוף פעולה של פריטים של אותו מין במסגרת קבוצה הפועלת בתאום – שאפשר לקרוא לה </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדר</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">'. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העדר</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">' </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נדבר בהרחבה בהמשך</span></span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL"><b>אבולוציה מהירה</b></span><span lang="he-IL"> – שנויים מתרחשים בדור אחד ועוברים לדורות הבאים</span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-family: inherit;">אבולוציה של מערכות אחרות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-weight: 400;">– התפתחות מערכות השונות ממערכת החיים</span></span></span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><br /><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציה של המוח </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">חשיבה טובה ומהירה של המוח בתגובה למסרים מהחושים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">חשובה להישרדות לא פחות מכח</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">גמישות</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">או מהירות של הגוף</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">ככל שהמוח מפותח יותר כך יכולת השרידות גדלה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אמנם התפקיד הבסיסי הראשוני של המוח בבעלי חיים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">היה לשלוט על תנועת האברים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אך עם הזמן נוספו למוח תפקידים נוספים שעזרו לבעלי החיים לשרוד</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">במרק החם של הסביבה הבראשתית בה נוצרו והתפתחו החיים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">לא היה צורך במוח מתוחכם</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">עבור בעלי החיים הבראשתיים בהם התחיל להתפתח מוח</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">לא היה צורך בתנועה מהירה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אולי גם לא היו סכנות רבות שיש לזהות</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הדרישות מהמוח השולט על אברי הגוף</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">הלכה וגדלה עם הזמן כאשר האתגרים גדלו</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">הדרישות גדלו במיוחד</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר נוצרה תחרות בין בעלי החיים על משאבים שלא הספיקו לכולם</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">רק אז התברר שמבנה המוח המבוסס על תקשורת כימית</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">/</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">חשמלית בין התאים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">לא מאפשר תגובה מהירה שתספיק להתמודד עם המציאות</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן מנגנוני פעולת המוח התפתחו מתוך הצורך להגיב במהירות כאשר לרשותו מערכת פיזית </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">(</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">חומרה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">) </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">איטית בלבד</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">במהלך האבולוציה נמצאו פתרונות מתוחכמים לבעיה זו</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">פתרון אחד לבעיה הוא הצורה בה המוח האיטי שולף את התגובה המתאימה לגרוי הראשוני המתקבל ממערכת החושים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך סדרה של תגובות מוכנות שנצרבו בו מראש</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">כל פעולה כזו נצרבת גם היא כדי לשמש בסיס לתגובות מגרויים דומים בעתיד</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">בצורה כזו המוח אינו חייב לחכות עד שיתקבלו נתונים מלאים ולא דרוש לו זמן רב לעיבוד מלא שלהם</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר דומה למחשב בו כל סוג גרוי </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">(Trigger) </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">מפעיל תגובה מתאימה הרשומה מראש </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">(</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">רוטינה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">) </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה שורה בטבלה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">ללא צורך בחישוב התגובה מחדש</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">במוח קוראים לאותן תגובות הצרובות מראש </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">סטראוטיפים</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אם המוח היה מבוסס על תקשורת חשמלית בלבד כמו המחשבים של ימנו</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">לא היה צורך כל כך נואש להתבסס על הערכות ולהשתמש בדמיון</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">יצורים בעלי מוח כזה היו שונים מאד מאיתנו</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אולי לא היו שורדים בסביבה משתנית</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">בהעדר הגמישות של מבנה המוח</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">גמישות שלמרבה הפרדוקס</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">הוכתבה על ידי המגבלות שלו</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">.</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">בהרבה תחומים אנו מוצאים שמגבלות גורמות לעתים דווקא להתפתחות שאינה קיימת כאשר אין צורך נואש בה</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">הדוגמאות רבות</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL">למשל</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;">:</span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span><span lang="he-IL">אחת הסיבות להתפתחות התעשייה האלקטרונית ובעקבותיה כל ההי</span></span><span lang="en-US">-</span><span><span lang="he-IL">טק בארץ</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span><span lang="he-IL">הייתה החרם שהטיל דה גול על הספקת ציוד אלקטרוני מתוחכם לישראל</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span><span lang="he-IL">החרם העולמי של אז והמשאבים המוגבלים</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span><span lang="he-IL">גרמו להתפתחות פתרונות ייחודיים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. בצורה דומה, </span><span><span lang="he-IL">המגבלות שהגבילו האנטישמיים את היהודים באירופה</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span><span lang="he-IL">מגבלות אלו היו אחת הסיבות להצטיינות העם היהודי</span></span></span></div><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14631_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציה של חברות בסיוע של התרבות – אחד מהפתרונות של האבולוציה להגברת יכולת השרידות הוא יצירת חברות גדולות שיכולות לעמוד ביחד טוב יותר מול הסכנות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המינים החלשים מאופיינים בחברות גדולות המאפשרות להם לעמוד בפני הטורפים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איילים חיים בעדרים</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">דגים חיים בלהקות</span></span><span lang="en-US">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נמלים חיים בקינים</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ככל שהחברה גדולה יותר הכוח המשותף שלה גדול</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לטורפים אין צורך להתאגד בקבוצות גדולות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן הנמרים בודדים או חיים במשפחות מצומצמות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המין האנושי מאופיין כטורף </span></span><span lang="en-US">(</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">צייד</span></span><span lang="en-US">) </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן בראשית ימיו הוא חי בקבוצות קטנות של משפחה או שבט קטן של ציידים ומלקטות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך למרות זאת האנושות הצליחה ליצור חברות גדולות מאד תוך שימוש מתוחכם בתרבות</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השימוש שלי כאן במושג </span></span><span lang="en-US">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות</span></span><span lang="en-US">' </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא במובן של כללי התנהגות ומנהגים בחברה</span></span><span lang="en-US">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבות משמשת כדבק חברתי בין בני האדם היוצר שיתוף פעולה מול הסכנות והאתגרים</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></p><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לצורך הבנת </span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">' </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נתמקד רק בחלק מהתחום הרחב של אבולוציה – בעיקר באבולוציה של המוח ובאבולוציה של חברות</span></span><span lang="en-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14633_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">על התרבות נדון בפירוט בפרק השלישי</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p></div></div><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14593_615200668"></a></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14595_615200668"></a></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14607_615200668"></a></p></span></span></span></h2><h2 style="text-align: right;"><span><span><span><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-right: 1.27cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14615_615200668"></a></span></p></span></span></span><span><span><span><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8669793835674721858/3059014941557556660" style="font-family: "David CLM", serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>אבולוציה פרטית</b></a></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="font-family: "David CLM", serif; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8669793835674721858/6661737807891526693">אבולוציה מהירה</a></b></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="font-family: "David CLM", serif; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8669793835674721858/7405937406363908382">אבולוציה של המוח</a></b></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="font-family: "David CLM", serif; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8669793835674721858/6592859009927032446">אבולוציה של חברות</a></b></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="font-family: "David CLM", serif; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8669793835674721858/6592859009927032446">אבולוציה של מערכות שונות</a></b></p></span></span></span></h2><div><br /></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-20347600256467037302023-01-24T21:20:00.055+02:002023-02-12T00:11:14.922+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>להבין את האחר</b></span></span></h1><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_99.html" target="_blank">הספר מוקדש:</a></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">לכל האנשים באשר הם בעולם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">אף שאני לא מתיימר להבין כל מה שהם חושבים ולא מסכים עם הערכים לפיהם הם פועלים </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">אני מכבד אותם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">לעם היהודי על כל מגוון הפלגים שבו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">שעם רובם איני מסכים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">למרות זאת אני גאה להשתייך לעם הזה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">לכל חברי ומכרי משמאל ומימין</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">הגבוהים והנמוכים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">שאני שמח תמיד להיות במחיצתם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">בעיקר למשפחתי שבכל אחד מהם יש חלק ממני</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">אני אוהב אתכם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></div></span><div style="text-align: right;"><span><span style="color: #fcff01; font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_99.html" style="background-color: #04ff00;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>אין להעתיק בכל דרך</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>כל חלק שהוא מן החומר שבאתר זה</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>שימוש מסחרי מכל סוג שהוא בחומר הכלול אסור בהחלט</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>אלא ברשות מפורשת בכתב מיורם הר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>לב</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span>.</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div><div><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US" style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_99.html" target="_blank">ציטוטים:</a></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ניסיתי לא לצחוק על מעשי האדם</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא לבכות עליהם</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא רק להבין אותם</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">. - </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שפינוזה</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מותר האדם מהנמלה </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">- </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההבדל בין דובר אמת לשקרן הוא</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שדובר האמת לא מודע לשקר</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל מה שאנו רואים או חושבים</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינו אמתי</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בני האדם דומים למחשבים שיצאו מאותו מפעל</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">. </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הם נראים אותו דבר</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למעט בפרטים כמו צבע וכוח זיכרון</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך הם שונים בתכנות המושתלות בהם ובמידע שהם אספו</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים בתרבות שונה פועלים בצורה שונה</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו מחשבים בעלי תוכנת הפעלה שונה</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">. </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכל זאת מחשבים שונים ברחבי היקום הווירטואלי יכולים להתקשר</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">, </span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ממש כמו אנשים בעולם הממשי</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">אולי נבין את עצמנו אם נתחיל להבין את האחר</span></span></span></span></span></div><p></p><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זהו ספר עיוני העוסק בחוסר היכולת האנושית </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין את </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בייחוד כאשר ה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אינו שייך לאותה קבוצה התרבותית</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הספר מציג תזה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גישה חדשה למקור הבעייה וכלים לדרך בה אנו יכולים להתמודד עם קושי זה</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לגשר על פני פערים ואולי אף להביא לתובנות חדשות אשר ישפיעו על ההתנהלות של יחידים וקבוצות<br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פילוסופים</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מדענים חוקרים</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סופרים ואנשי חינוך רבים ניסו במשך השנים לתקוף את הבעיה של הבנת </span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך כמאמר הפילוסוף עמנואל לווינס</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר הם תמיד </span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה שלא אני</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם תמיד מסתורין ושאלה</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ספר זה מנסה להסיר את המסתורין מ </span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולגשת לבעיית הבנת </span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך מקורית ושונה מכל הידוע עד היום</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באמצעות הבנת דרכי פעולת המוח האנושי</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המטלות אליהן תוכנן במהלך האבולוציה והגורמים הסביבתיים המשפיעים על דרכי המחשבה והפעולה של האדם<br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהתבססו על מחקרים וממצאים שונים מתחומי מדעי הטבע</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חקר המוח</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציה</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ופסיכולוגיה חברתית</span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;">הספר מציג זווית ראייה רחבת היקף ומעלה תובנות הקושרות את כל אלו למבנה ברור וקוהרנטי</span><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="he-IL">מרות מורכבותם של חלק מהנושאים והתחומים בהם הוא עוסק</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">הספר כתוב בצורה פשוטה ונגישה לכל ומאפשר</span> קריאה שוטפת ומהנה ואף מלווה באיורים מקוריים<br /></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">על הסופר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יורם הר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לב הוא מהנדס אלקטרוניקה ובקרה עם התמחות בתקשורת מחשבים וניהול פרויקטים מורכבים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רוב שנות חייו המקצועיים עבד במסגרות פיתוח וחדשנות המשלבות דיסציפלינות שונות</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולזכותו מספר פריצות דרך מחשבתיות</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כיום הוא עוסק בכתיבה של מאמרים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">סיפורים קצרים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שירים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וקטעי פרוזה אחרים שחלקם כבר התפרסמו באתרי אונליין שונים</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><h3></h3><h2 style="font-weight: 400; text-align: right;"><b style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2015/02/blog-post_26.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">להבין את האדם</span></a></b></h2><h2 style="font-weight: 400; text-align: right;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/02/blog-post_11.html">שילוב אדם בחברה</a></b></span></h2><h2 style="font-weight: 400; text-align: right;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_38.html">להבין את החברה</a></b></span></h2><h2 style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400; text-align: right;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_62.html">סיכום - איך אפשר להבין את האחר</a></b></span></h2></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-92062877757851584402023-01-24T18:41:00.007+02:002023-02-04T11:59:37.702+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הנחות יסוד</b></span></span></h1><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין את חוקי המכניקה בחיי יום יום</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק להשתמש בחוקים האמפיריים שניסח ניוטון ואין צורך לצלול לדקויות של האינטראקציות בין האלמנטים הבסיסיים בפיזיקה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם אפשר להשתמש בחוקים אמפיריים של הטבע כדי להבין את התנהגות האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל החוקים האלו אינם למעשה חוקים אלא הצהרות הגיון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור שאבולוציה אינה חוק אלא הצהרה לוגית שלמי ששורד טוב יותר יש סיכוי רב יותר להעמיד צאצאים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם ברור שיש יתרון לפתרונות פשוטים </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וקיימים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וכך לכל הרשימה שלמטה</span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הנה כמה מהחוקים האמפיריים הרלוונטיים להבנת </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">':</span></span></span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><p align="right" class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>האבולוציה</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">צריך להניח שהפתרונות שהאבולוציה מצאה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם הטובים ביותר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">פתרונות גרועים יותר סוננו על ידי האבולוציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהשאירה רק את המתאימים ביותר</span></span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>פשטות</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באופן טבעי צצים הפתרונות הקלים והפשוטים תחילה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדיוק כמו שמים מוצאים את הדרך הקלה ביותר לזרום</span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>איזונים</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החוק השלישי שניוטון ניסח הוא בעצם חוק של איזון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כוח שמפעיל גוף אחד על השני גורם לכוח נגדי שהגוף השני יפעיל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בטבע יש אינטראקציה בין גופים רבים ולכן התגובה של גוף אינה חייבת להיות ישירה אלא דרך גופים אחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוק זה אינו מוגבל לפיזיקה של התנועה אלא בעצם לכל תהליך בטבע</span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>שילוב</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>פתרונות</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>של</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הטווח</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הקרוב</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>והרחוק</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפתרונות שהאבולוציה מצאה אינם רק פתרונות מידיים לטווח קצר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו עדים לתכונות גמישות של המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המאפשרות התאמה לתנאים משתנים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש תכונות שנראות כפוגעות בטווח הקצר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך מביאות לפתרונות טובים בטווח הארוך יותר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או שהם טובים לגוף מורכב יותר</span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>משוב</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מערכות משוב עדיפות כי הן מביאות תוצאות טובות יותר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תוצאות טובות יותר מביאות לשרידות טובה יותר ולכן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי הע</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קרון הבסיסי של האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הן כה נפוצות בטבע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר להראות שכל מערכות הגוף שלנו מבוססות על משובים ישירים ועקיפים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצורך בשמירה על תיחום מדויק של פרמטרים רבים בגוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו טמפרטורה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחץ דם וכו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הביא לפתרונות מורכבים של מערכות משוב לכל פרמטר ובכל רמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החל מרמת שמירת רמת סוכר בדם של אדם בודד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וכלה ברמת שמירת איזון בין האינדיבידואל לקהילה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרים בבעלי חיים או בצמחים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הראו זאת בברור</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משובים ישירים הם אלו המווסתים בגוף את הפרמטרים כמו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחץ דם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טמפרטורה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רעב ועוד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דוגמה למשוב עקיף היא חיזוק תכונות כאשר מרבים להשתמש בהן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו חיזוק השרירים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או פיתוח המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש להניח שמשובים קיימים לא רק בכל מיני תהליכי גוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא שזו תכונה בסיסית יותר וקיימת גם בתחומים אחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המשוב הוא חלק בסיסי בתוך תהליך האבולוציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משוב קיים בכל הרמות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברמת שמירה על פרמטרים של גוף האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברמה של אינטראקציה בין אדם לחברו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וברמה עליונה כאשר עם מתלכד לנוכח סכנה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הטבע עושה מה שהמהנדסים מבינים היום כמתכון לתכנון טוב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משוב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יתירות ויכולת הכלה של שגיאות ואי דיוקים</span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מבנים</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>פרקטליים</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המורכבות שבטבע נבנית מתוך איחוד של מרכיבים בסיסיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המרכיבים משהו מורכב שגם הוא יחידה בסיסית למשהו מורכב עוד יותר </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ראה פרק הפרקטליות האנושית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">)</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 40px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>יתירות</b></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כמו מהנדס פיתוח טוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כך הטבע בונה מסלולים מקבילים להרבה מהמערכות כדי להגדיל את שרידותן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">הוא פועל גם בכיוון ההפוך של שימוש אותן פתרונות לצרכים שונים כדי ליעל</span></span></span></span></blockquote><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 0.37cm; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-5857555510846303632023-01-24T18:36:00.006+02:002023-02-04T11:54:03.044+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b> טעימה של הגורמים השונים בהבנת האחר</b></h1><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפני שנצלול לעומק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין את הדרך בה אדם חושב ומגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפרט כמה נקודות שיש ללמוד כדי להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל הנקודות נכונות לגבי הפרט</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לגבי החברה וגם בקשר בין שניהם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור לי שנקודות אלו לא יהיו מובנות לגמרי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרי לשם כך ישנו פירוט של הרבה דפי ספר בהמשך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מזכיר נקודות אלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רק כדי לקשור אצלך הקורא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את המטרה העיקרית בספר – </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אל הצורך להבין את מנגנוני המחשבה שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהמשך נראה שתמונת המציאות שהאחר רואה שונה ממה שאנו רואים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות שאנו יכולים להישבע שאנו רואים את המציאות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האמתית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האמת היא שאף אחד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא אנו ולא האחר </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רואה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באמת מהי המציאות</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב לדעת מה תמונת המציאות של האחר בלי קשר למה שאנו רואים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי הוא מבסס את תגובותיו על המציאות כפי שהוא רואה אותה</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המורכבות של הערכת עוצמת תגובה של אדם לאירוע גדולה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן קשה להבנה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה להבין למה אדם אחד מפגין ברחוב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ואחר יישאר בבית בתגובה לאותו דבר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עוצמת התגובה של אדם לאירוע שהוא חווה במציאות הפרטית שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תלויה בסף התגובה שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל אדם סף מינימום</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שבו הוא אדיש לאירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אירוע כזה שאינו משמעותי מספיק עבור אותו אדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">פשוט </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עובר מתחת לרדאר שלו'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל אדם גם סף תגובה גבוה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בו הוא חייב להגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בין שתי רמות האלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם מודע לאירוע אך עדיין לא מגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל אדם יש סף תגובה שונה עבור אירועים שונים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רמת סף התגובה של </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשורה בגורמים רבים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעיקר היא קשורה באופי שהוא ירש מאבותיו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתרבות חברה בה הוא חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ובניסיון המצטבר אצלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדוגמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים שונים יגיבו בצורה שונה לאירוע של פגיעה בכבודם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם שערך הכבוד חשוב לו מאד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכול להרוג על פגיעה בכבוד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם אחר שערך החיים חשוב לו יותר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יבלע את ההשפלה כדי לשמור על החיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם אותו אדם יגיב באלימות אם ההשפלה תהיה ללא נשוא – כלומר מעל לסף הסיבולת שלו להשפלה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמוגדר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאופי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעצם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מכלול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האופי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לטעמי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משעמם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אילו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אופי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שונים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יגיבו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אירוע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באופן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהתאם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאופיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שיבכו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בסרט</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עצוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להשתעמם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאותו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סרט</span></span></span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-53116543912256893952023-01-24T18:34:00.007+02:002023-02-04T11:48:54.663+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b> איך אני מעז לכתוב ספר מדעי</b></h1><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעלה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השערות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבוססות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פסיכולוגיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לוגיקה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תורת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומידע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתחומים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השאלה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הראשונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שעולה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מיד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במוחך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקורא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנבון</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לסמוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השערות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בקשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעולת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מקצועי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תשובות</span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתיימר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחקור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עבודתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מדענים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רבים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעולם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השוקדים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פענוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אופן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פעולתו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בשביל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בלהטיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מציג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבוסס</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עובדות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהמדענים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גילו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לגבי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עושה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מנסה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לבנות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תמונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלמה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העובדות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תמונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנגזרת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השכלול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המתמיד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנעשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במיליוני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שסיננה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושיפרה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התכונות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שעזרו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנושות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשרוד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולשגשג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דומה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מושג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פועלת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הטלוויזיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדיין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יודע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להפעיל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ידי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחיצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכפתור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המתאים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולראות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הערוץ</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החביב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עליו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הזרמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עוברים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ממעגל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משולב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לבצע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפקודה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להחלפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ערוץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מידה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסלול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הזרמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נוירונים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גורם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מפחד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מקולות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מפחידים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סוג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדברים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנסה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחקור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אילו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קולות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מפחידים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואילו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מראות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גורמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בקיצור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יגיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וכבר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מקדים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואומר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהאחר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יגיב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהכרח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מגיב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאותם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סוג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כזה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חקר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במידה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסוימת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ידי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סופר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המנסה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להיכנס</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנעליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדמות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עליה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כותב. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להשתמש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במידע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנמצא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בשפע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברשת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האינטרנט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרשותי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרשות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תוצאות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וניסויים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנערכים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומתפרסמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברשת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האינטרנט. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חקר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדיין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בחיתוליו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וגם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקרי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מקצועיים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אינם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבינים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יותר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהאדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הממוצע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחקור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעט</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ממנגנוני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במעבדות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יקרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לבחון</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תגובות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נהג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרויד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פיתח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפסיכואנליזה</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המנגנונים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השתכללו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במשך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מיליוני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדיוק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהשתכלל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גופו.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להניח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהרבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהתכונות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקיימות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במוחנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נוצרו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מנגנון</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האבולוציה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המשמר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התכונות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדרושות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשרידות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תהליכים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציוניים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לעזור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פעולת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמאמרו של ניוטון </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: “</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני רואה למרחוק כי אני יושב על כתפי ענקים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הענקים עלו מאז על הרים נישאים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והאופק של אדם בן ימנו שיושב על כתפיהם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רחב הרבה יותר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתברר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שדברים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פשוטים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ממה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנראה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תחילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הטבע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נוטה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להשתמש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרכים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פשוטות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סביר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להניח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאפשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המנגנונים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבסיסיים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהמוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עצמו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסובך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ועוד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דבר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> – </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אסור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להסתמך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באופן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיוור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מומחים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחקרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שנעשו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מצאו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוסר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצלחה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מומחים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להביא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רעיונות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חדשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעמים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המומחים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסרבים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפילו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לתמוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברעיונות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חדשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רוב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המומחים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בטוחים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בבקיאות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכוח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התודעתי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקבל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דוגמה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התנגדות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המדענים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לתורת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכאוס</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בראשיתה. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה מהתאוריות המוצגות בספר זה סותר את האינטואיציה שלנו ושונה מהתאוריות המקובלות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך כך גם המצב בתאוריות בתחומים אחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תאוריה נבחנת בכך שהיא עונה על כל התופעות הנצפות בשלמות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כזו היא תיאורית הקוונטים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אף אחד לא מבין באמת את תורת הקוונטים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למשל אנו לא יכולים לתפוש בשכלנו היפוך התפקידים בין סיבה ומסובב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שתיאוריה זו מנבאת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך עד עתה הוכיחה תיאורית הקוונטים דיוק מושלם של התוצאות המחושבות לפיה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל עוד התאוריה מספקת תשובות לתופעות שבניסוי למרות שאין אנו יכולים לתפוש זאת באינטואיציה שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דיינו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר להניח שיש לתאוריה הסבר מסבר את האוזן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינו כרגע ברשותנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והאינטואיציה המתבססת על ניסיון עבר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לוקה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יתכן ובעתיד נגלה למשל שזרם הזמן מתהפך ונקבל כמובן מאליו היפוך של סיבה ומסובב הנצפה בתאוריית הקוונטים. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין להסתמך על האינטואיציה בלבד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זוכרים את האינטואיציה ששללה את התיאוריה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המופרכת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שכדור הארץ עגול ואנשים החיים למטה בכל זאת לא נופלים</span></span></div></span>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-18583127193187320432023-01-24T18:31:00.006+02:002023-02-04T11:33:14.830+02:00<p> </p><h1 style="text-align: center;"><b>הקושי להבין את האחר</b></h1><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p></p><p><br /></p><p> </p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0H-L35CqhX_s64HDi9ry_OwoorIp5UJWT9KcdZ5UyWuIZCRqmQqB0aDmTlWvknO_OyZ785s7Ma-T5_vo41jo7CBmIxgTsn_KBoJ6yDIqAXmnII2DtlqodNWN4d_qSHSZP8QRGSnq_s6U_B3Y-leXwSW4W8a2P-Aa_yRDgdPzRqDwDSU5fCewZZgw/s1812/understand3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1404" data-original-width="1812" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf0H-L35CqhX_s64HDi9ry_OwoorIp5UJWT9KcdZ5UyWuIZCRqmQqB0aDmTlWvknO_OyZ785s7Ma-T5_vo41jo7CBmIxgTsn_KBoJ6yDIqAXmnII2DtlqodNWN4d_qSHSZP8QRGSnq_s6U_B3Y-leXwSW4W8a2P-Aa_yRDgdPzRqDwDSU5fCewZZgw/s320/understand3.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מתקשים להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא בגלל שאין אנו חכמים מספיק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או רגישים לאנשים הסובבים אותנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסיבות הן עמוקות יותר ונובעות מעצם מבנה מוח האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומבנה החברה בה הוא חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמה קל להגיד על אדם אחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם אם אנו מעריכים אותו כבעל אינטליגנציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא שטוף מוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרת איך אנו יכולים להסביר שאינו חושב כמונו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במידה מסוימת זו גם אמירה צודקת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כי הדרך בה כל אדם חושב ומגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מושפעת מאד מהסביבה התרבותית בה הוא חי ובדעות ואמונות שנטבעו בו מאותה סביבה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדאי להפנים שגם אנו מושפעים מהסביבה התרבותית שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם אחר יש את כל ההצדקה לומר גם עלינו שאנו שטופי מוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה להבין אדם שחושב בצורה שונה מאיתנו</span></span></div></span></span><p></p></span><p></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הקושי גדול עוד יותר מפני שהאדם אינו מראה לאחרים את מה שמתחולל בתודעתו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא אינו מראה את עצמו האמתי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם עוטה מעין מסכה המשדרת לאחרים תדמית הרצויה לו</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נדמה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נמצאים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בנשף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסכות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איננו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מזהים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החוגגים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במהלך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנשף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסוכן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנסות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנשק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בחורה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהיווכח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שבעצם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נישקנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדוד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוריס</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מצרפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין את </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים להוריד את המסכה שהוא עו</span></span></span><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טה</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המומחים לשפת גוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מנסים לגלות לפי תנועות בלתי רצוניות של פוליטיקאי במהלך נאומו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המרמזות על מה שהוא באמת חושב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך לא כולנו מומחים לשפת גוף ולא תמיד אנו רואים מולנו את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שעלינו להבינו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בבואנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנתח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התנהגות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עלינו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להיות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מודעים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שגם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מרכיבים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משקפיים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מיוחדות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כחלק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהמסכה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עוטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משקפיים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צובעות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רואים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בצבעי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העולם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להוריד</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המסכה</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צריך</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להסיר</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המשקפיים</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמעוותות</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המציאות</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למעטה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העוטף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאתנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נראה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמסביב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קבוצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קיימת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חומת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המבדלת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתרבויות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומסתירה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השייכים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לתרבות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעינינו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">אחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הנמצא</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתרבות</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרת</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כבר</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להסיר</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המשקפיים</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המעוותים</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המציאות</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהוריד</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המסכה</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צריך</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכך</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנתץ</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אבני</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החומה</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבותית</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהציץ</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעבר</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחומה</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבותית</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המשימה הזו נראית כמשימה בלתי אפשרית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך בהמשך נראה שיש דרכים המאפשרות לנו לפחות לשער עם שיעורי הצלחה לא רעים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איך </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב ולהבין את התנהגותו</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל אדם יש מסכה בעובי אחר ומשקפי ראיה בצבע שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכל קבוצה תרבותית ואפילו לכל אדם בתוכה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חומת התרבות היא בגובה אחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ישנן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קבוצות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ויחידים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהחומה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסובבת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גבוהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאפשרת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקרני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המציאות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להיכנס</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהאיר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דעותיהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאלו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קוראים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פנאטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפנאטים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סוג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לראות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הזולת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רצון</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שייך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקבוצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יותר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בעל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעטה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אישי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שקוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משקפיים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דקות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זגוגית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וחומה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבותית</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לראות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לראות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במערומיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נשמע</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבולבל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומסתורי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואכן</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שניסח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפילוסוף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עמנואל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לווינס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תמיד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסתורין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושאלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בהמשך אנסה להגדיר ממה עשוי המעטה העוטף אותנו ומאיזה סוג </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אבנים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בנויה חומת התרבות הסובבת אותנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה של מבנה המעטה ואבני החומה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תעזור לנו לחדור במבטנו דרך כל השכבות המסתירות את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אולי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נצליח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקרב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שונים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולקדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במעט</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ההרמוניה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ככל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ימצאו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ביניהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יוכלו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לחיות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לצד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וליצור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קבוצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנושית</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חזקה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ושורדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היכולת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ובעיקר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חולשותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עלולה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להיות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מנוצלת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרעה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ידי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שישתמשו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ביכולת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקידום</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צ</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ו</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רכיהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ניצול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חולשות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נפוץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעמיקה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ורחבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חברה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שרוצים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להנחיל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דרך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עולמם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ותרבותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החינוך</span></span><span lang="zh-CN"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפורמלי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והבלתי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פורמלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדרכים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לנצל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חולשות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הילדים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהשקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עולמם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדיין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עוצבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לעצב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אותם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדמותנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בצלמנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדמותנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעצבים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצעיר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בדמותנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נוטים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקרוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפעולה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הזו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> – </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חינוך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פועלים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לעצב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עולמם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קוראים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לכך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- '</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שטיפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הרבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התנשאות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וגם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מעט</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חוסר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מוסר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במחשבה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהשקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העולם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עדיפה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">העולם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשנות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בייחוד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עולם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהתמצקה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אצל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מבוגר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">משאירים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">החינוך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והפילוסופים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להתחבט</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בשאלה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוסרית</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חינוך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">צורותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להזהיר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מפני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שרכשו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מיומנות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלשהי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לשנות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומשתמשים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מטרתו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ספר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לתת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שיאפשרו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתקווה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יהיה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שימוש</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-36641025635812644162023-01-24T18:12:00.005+02:002023-02-04T11:29:44.360+02:00<h1 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>למה חשוב להבין את האחר</b></span></span></h1><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעתי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש חשיבות עצומה להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה כזו תנחה אותנו בהתנהלות נכונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם נבון מנסה להעריך את תגובת אנשים אחרים ולהתחשב בהם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר הוא מחליט על דרך פעולה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למעשה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים עושים כל הזמן הערכות כאלו במודע או בתת מודע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">באופן רציונלי או ברגש</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בחורה עושה הערכה רגשית כאשר היא פוגשת בחור</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב לה להבין מה הבחור – </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרגיש כלפיה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איש שיווק מעריך תגובת מגזר הצרכנים למוצר חדש</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">פוליטיקאי חייב להעריך תגובות קהל בוחרים – </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינו הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לנאום שהוא שוקד על ניסוחו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל אלו הערכות שעושה כל אחד מאתנו יום</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יום</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המכנה המשותף לכל ההערכות האלו הוא הצורך להבין איך </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר שאינו הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרגיש ומגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כולם מרגישים את הצורך לפצח את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המסתורין והשאלה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהפילוסוף עמנואל לווינס ניסח בצורה כל כך יפה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה של אנשים אחרים מאפשרת להעריך את ההתנהגות הצפויה שלהם</span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הערכה זו כל כך חשובה לתפקוד שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהטבע בחכמת האבולוציה רבת השנים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">צייד אותנו במגוון של כלים לבצוע הערכות כאלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים ישירים וכלים עקיפים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים שאנו נולדים עימם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וכלים נרכשים</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים ישירים כמו קריאה מתוחכמת של הבעות הפנים ושפת הגוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">משמשים אותנו כמכונת אמת ומאפשרים לנו לגלות את שחושב וחש </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">העומד מולנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים עקיפים כמו תחושות בטן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או הסתמכות על סטראוטיפים שנבנו במוחנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מאפשרים לנו להעריך את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במהירות</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">דוגמה של כלים ישירים היא היכולת של תינוקות לזהות פנים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כך שהם מזהים מיד את האם המניקה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">דוגמה לכלים הנרכשים עם הניסיון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היא הזיהוי המיידי של מטוס אויב על ידי טייס הקרב</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לצערנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מספיק</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יעילים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחרים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נמצאים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קבוצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבותית</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלנו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או אנשים שאינם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קרובים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלינו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פיזית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הילארי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קלינטון</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הצליחה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להעריך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נכונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המוסלמי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השונה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מאוד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ממנה</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לדעת הפילוסוף עמנואל לווינס חשוב להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">': </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההכרה באחר היא יסוד האחריות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כשאתה מכיר בצורך לקבל את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אתה יוצר סוג של אחריות כלפיו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כלפי זכויותיו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זה הרגע שבו מתחולל תהליך תודעתי ומוסרי עמוק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אחריות היא הבסיס לקיומה של אנושיות מוסרית פעילה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השתתת השיח החינוכי על יסודות של אחריות לזולת ולעצמי היא בשורה עמוקה ומשמעותית</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רואה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתובנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפילוסוף</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם אזהרה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מסכנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גדולה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האורבת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמנסה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שישיג</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מידה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גדושה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מידי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנת</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עלול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להתחולל</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תהליך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תודעתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שבסופו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יכול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאבד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">את</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עצמיותו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולעבור</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למחנה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להבחין</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתהליך</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כזה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שעובר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">על</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ליברלים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קיצוניים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שמוכנים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להילחם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לצד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קבוצות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבותיות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נגד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקבוצה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבותית</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שלהם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עצמם</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ראו</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוזהרתם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">! </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עומד</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סובלני לקבל את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span lang="en-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מול</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פנאטי</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חסר</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פשרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לעתים</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קרובות</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנאט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המצליח</span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">להעביר אותו על דעתו</span></span></span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-56664009712018504582023-01-24T17:26:00.031+02:002023-02-05T19:04:44.218+02:00 <h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>להבין את האחר</b></span></h1><p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">בספרה </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">מצעד האיוולת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">", </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">ברברה טוכמן מתאר החלטות מנהיגים שהתקבלו מתוך איוולת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">נגד האינטרסים שלהם עצמם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">היא הגדירה האיוולת בציטוט מאפלטון</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">: "</span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">כשהנשמה סותרת את נקודת המבט</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">או ידע</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">או חכמה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">כל אלה הם חוקי טבע</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">אני קורא לכך איוולת</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הקטע האחרון שהיא נותנת כדוגמה למצעד האיוולת הוא הסרוב להפסיק את מלחמת וייטנאם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אך מצעד האיוולת נמשך עד היום</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יהיה מי שיטען כי מדיניותן המזרח תיכונית של נשיא ארה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">"</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ב אובמה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הייתה הפגנה של מצעד האיוולת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">היא גרמה ל </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">"</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האביב הערבי</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">" </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">וסימנה את ירידת כוחה של ארה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">"</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ב בעולם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">איוולת זו הייתה אחת הגורמים שאפשרו את מלחמת החרמה שיעית </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">/ </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">סונית</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ואולי אף הציתה את ההתנגשות בין תרבות מערב והתרבות המוסלמית</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יהיו שיטענו כי אנגלה מרקל</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">קנצלרית גרמניה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">קרבה את הסוף של אירופה הנוצרית</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בעקבות ההזמנה שלה למיליוני פליטים מוסלמים להיכנס לאירופה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אנחנו יכולים לטעון כי גם לנו בישראל יש חלק במצעד איוולת מתוצרת העצמית משלנו</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסכם אוסלו </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">הביא את האויב המובס </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ארגון הפתח</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אל לב ארצנו וכך הביא למותם של אלפי חיי ישראלים</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ואולי גרם נזק בלתי הפיך לאפשרות של פתרון הסכסוך הישראלי</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">-</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">פלשתיני</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אנחנו צריכים לשאול מה גורם למנהיגים להתעלם מלוגיקה ולפעול נגד האינטרסים שלהם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">? </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ברור שזה לא חוסר ידע של המנהיגים המודרניים שגורם להם להצטרף למצעד האיוולת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יש להם את מסד הנתונים הגדול ביותר אי פעם </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האינטרנט </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">- </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ולצדם עומדים לגיונות של אנשי המודיעין שתפקידם למצוא מידע</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">למרות זאת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">המצעד המטופש הזה ממשיך</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ככל הנראה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מידע</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ואפילו אינטליגנציה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לא עוזרים במניעת הנטיה הזו של מנהיגים לצעוד ב </span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מצעד האיוולת</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'<br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">התשובה היא כי לכל ההחלטות המטופשות האלה יש מכנה משותף אחד</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">: </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חוסר היכולת של מנהיגים אלה לחזות איך אנשים של קבוצה תרבותית שונה יגיבו</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מנהיגים שונים הפגינו שוב ושוב חוסר הבנה זה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">למרבה הצער חוסר הבנה כזה אצל מנהיגים</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מוביל לאסון לעיתים קרובות</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בספר זה אני טוען כי לכולנו</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לא רק למנהיגים שלנו</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יש הבנה מוגבלת של התנהגות האדם האחר</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חשוב מאוד לכולם להבין איך אנשים אחרים מבינים אירועים וכיצד הם מגיבים אליהם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">למרבה הצער</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">זו לא משימה קלה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הפילוסוף</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">עמנואל לוינס</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ציין כי פניו של האחר הם תמיד מה שאני לא</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ולכן הם תמיד חידה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אנחנו יודעים מעט מאוד על האופן שבו המוח שלנו עובד</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">פחות מכלום על מה שקורה במוחו של אדם אחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ההתעניינות שלי באיזו מידה אנו מבינים את האדם האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">התעוררה כאשר ראיתי שהחברים האינטליגנטיים שלי לא יכולים להבין איך מישהו כמוני</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">נשאר נאמן לרעיונות שהם תופשים כמופרכים לחלוטין</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אינם מבוססים על עובדות וחסרי היגיון</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">כמובן</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">גם אני תוהה לפעמים איך אנשים נבונים כמותם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יכולים לשגות באשליות שאינן מבוססות בבירור על ההיגיון והעובדות</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.<br /></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ברור שיש היבט כלשהו מעבר להיגיון של אנשים הקובע את דרך החשיבה שלנו</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אדם יכול להיות בטוח שיש לו את הרעיונות הנכונים בעוד אדם אחר שוגה</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ואילו אחרים יחשבו כך בדיוק על אותו אדם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לפני שאנו מנסים להבין את האחר עלינו להכיר בכך שיש שוני גדול מאד בין בני אדם ובייחוד אם אלו באים מרקע תרבותי שונה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ברור לכל אדם שיש הבדל בין גבר לאישה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בין אדם רזה לשמן</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">גבוה ונמוך</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יש גם הבדל בשאיפות ובצורת המחשבה של אנשים שונים</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אך כמו שהבחין הפילוסוף עמנואל לווינס</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">,</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">עבורנו אנשים אחרים הם </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">- '</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הפנים של האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ולכן הם מסתורין ושאלה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אני מזמין אתכם למסע חקר בנבכי אותה טרטוריה מסתורית ובלתי ידועה – </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הפנים של האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בתקווה שבסופו של המסע נבין מעט יותר איך אנשים אחרים חושבים ומגיבים</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לפני שיוצאים למסע כזה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חייבים לפתוח את הראש לבחינה מחודשת של מוסכמות הנטועות בכל אחד מאתנו</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">זו לא תהיה הפעם הראשונה בהיסטוריה האנושית</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">שמוסכמות שהיו מובנות מאליהן לכל אחד</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מתבררות כלא נכונות</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אתם הרי לא מאמינים באמת שהארץ שטוחה ושהשמש והכוכבים מסתובבים סביבה</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חלק מההנחות שנפגוש במסע זה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">יראו לכם מופרכות לא פחות מאשר נראו טענות אלו</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לאנשים שחיו לפני קופרניקוס</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">להם היה ברור שהארץ שטוחה ושהשמש והכוכבים סבים סביבה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">כל אחד הבין אז</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">שאנשים לא יכולים לעמוד הפוך ולא ליפול לחלל</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">לכן העולם אינו יכול להיות כדורי</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">כל אחד ראה במו עיניו שהשמש והירח סובבים את הארץ העומדת במנוחה במרכז</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">רק הטרדן הזה גלילאו חזר ואמר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">: “</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בכל זאת נוע תנוע”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אבל הוא צדק</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">!</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בספר זה ניסיתי לתת כלים שיעזרו להבין איך אדם אחר </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">שאינו אני</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חושב ומתנהג</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מאחר ואנשים מתנהגים ומחליטים החלטות בעיקר לפי הצורה בה הם מרגישים</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חייבים להבין איזה רגשות יופעלו אצל </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">בהמשך אני מניח שהרגשות הם חלק לא מבוטל בדרך בה אדם חושב ולכן כדי להבין את </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">חייבים להבין מה מעורר בו רגשות שיביאו אותו לחשוב ולהגיב בדרך מסוימת</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מדענים שוקדים במעבדות ומנסים למפות את המוח</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ולהבין איזה תאים במוח אחראים לפונקציות השונות שהוא מבצע</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אך גם אם נדע בדיוק איך כל הסינופטיות במוח מופעלות בזמן ביצוע מטלה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">עדיין לא נוכל להעריך מה </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">מרגיש ואיך הוא יפעל</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">עיקר המאמץ המחקרי של המדענים הוא להבין איך המוח בנוי ואיך הוא מעבד את הנתונים שמתקבלים מהחושים</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">זה ידע חשוב כדי להבין אדם</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אך חשובה לא פחות האינפורמציה שנאגרת במוחו</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">ההשפעה ההדדית של החברה והאדם שנמצא בתוכה והתרבות המכתיבה את סולם הערכים לפיה אדם מתנהג</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: auto; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המדענים חוקרים </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>איך</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> המוח עובד</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">הגישה בספר זה שונה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">כדי להבין את </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">האחר</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נבדוק </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>למה</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> המוח פועל כך ולא אחרת</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">נסיק זאת מתוך הבחינה של אופי המטלות עבורן המוח התפתח בשנים רבות של אבולוציה</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נבדוק גם </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מה</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> משפיע על המחשבה והפעולה של האדם כי האדם אינו מנותק מהחברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">אני תקווה שלאחר שתקראו ספר זה תדעו מה צריך ללמוד על האדם והחברה אליה הוא שייך ולמה לשים לב כדי להעריך איך אדם מרגיש ופועל</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><b>בפרק ראשון</b> נבדוק את המנגנונים הבסיסיים של פעולת המחשבה והתגובות של מוח האדם</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">כדי להבין איך אדם מרגיש ומגיב</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span><div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><b>בפרק שני</b> נציג את ההשפעה שיש לחברה על המחשבות והתגובות של האדם החי בתוכה</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><b>בפרק שלישי</b> נבדוק איך להבין חברה אנושית</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">הבנת החברה חשובה לשקלול השפעתה על האדם החי בתוכה</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><b>החלק האחרון בספר הוא סיכום</b> הדרך להבין את האחר</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></span><br /><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">למרות שהתובנות המופיעות בספר מבוססות על מחקרים עדכניים</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: David CLM;">נמנעתי מלציין את המקורות</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;">.</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;">שתי סיבות לכך</span></p><p align="right" class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><b>הסיבה הראשונה</b> היא שאיני רוצה לפגוע בקריאה השוטפת של הספר</span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><b>הסיבה השניה</b> היא שבמאה העשרים ואחת אין טעם לקרוא את המאמרים והספרים העיוניים בהם מוצגים המחקרים</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">קשה למצוא ולרכוש אותם</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">לפעמים נמצא שהם התיישנו וכדאי לקרוא את המחקרים החדשים באותו נושא</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">אפשר למצוא באינטרנט כל מחקר בכל נושא על ידי חיפוש לפי הנושא בלבד</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">לאלו שחשוב להם לקרוא את המחקרים המקוריים הזכרתי פה ושם את שמות החוקרים</span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;">חיפוש לפי השם יתן את המחקר הספציפי</span></div></span><h3 dir="ltr" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_55.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למה חשוב להבין את האחר</span></span></a></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_20.html" target="_blank">הקושי להבין את האחר</a></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_15.html" target="_blank">איך אני מעז לכתוב ספר מדעי</a></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_30.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span><span lang="he-IL"><b>טעימה</b></span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span><span lang="he-IL"><b>של</b></span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span><span lang="he-IL"><b>הגורמים</b></span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span><span lang="he-IL"><b>השונים</b></span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span><span><span lang="he-IL"><b>בהבנת</b></span></span><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></a></span></h3><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2023/01/blog-post_88.html" target="_blank">הנחות יסוד</a></span></h3><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-81990943247407821232023-01-24T17:25:00.012+02:002023-02-04T11:25:43.924+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL" style="font-size: x-large;"><b>מצעד האיוולת</b></span></span></h1><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בספרה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מצעד האיוולת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ברברה טוכמן מתאר החלטות מנהיגים שהתקבלו מתוך איוולת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נגד האינטרסים שלהם עצמם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא הגדירה האיוולת בציטוט מאפלטון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: "</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כשהנשמה סותרת את נקודת המבט</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או ידע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או חכמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל אלה הם חוקי טבע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני קורא לכך איוולת</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הקטע האחרון שהיא נותנת כדוגמה למצעד האיוולת הוא הס</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רוב להפסיק את מלחמת וייטנאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך מצעד האיוולת נמשך עד היום</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יהיה מי שיטען כי מדיניותן המזרח תיכונית של נשיא ארה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ב אובמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הייתה הפגנה של מצעד האיוולת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היא גרמה ל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האביב הערבי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וסימנה את ירידת כוחה של ארה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ב בעולם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איוולת זו הייתה אחת הגורמים שאפשרו את מלחמת החרמה שיעית </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">/ </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סונית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ואולי אף הציתה את ההתנגשות בין תרבות מערב והתרבות המוסלמית</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יהיו שיטענו כי אנגלה מרקל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קנצלרית גרמניה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קרבה את הסוף של אירופה הנוצרית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בעקבות ההזמנה שלה למיליוני פליטים מוסלמים להיכנס לאירופה</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנחנו יכולים לטעון כי גם לנו בישראל יש חלק במצעד איוולת מתוצרת העצמית משלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסכם אוסלו </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">הביא את האויב המובס </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ארגון הפתח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אל לב ארצנו וכך הביא למותם של אלפי חיי ישראלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ואולי גרם נזק בלתי הפיך לאפשרות של פתרון הסכסוך הישראלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">פלשתיני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אנחנו צריכים לשאול מה גורם למנהיגים להתעלם מלוגיקה ולפעול נגד האינטרסים שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">? </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ברור שזה לא חוסר ידע של המנהיגים המודרניים שגורם להם להצטרף למצעד האיוולת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">יש להם את מסד הנתונים הגדול ביותר אי פעם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">האינטרנט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">- </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ולצדם עומדים לגיונות של אנשי המודיעין שתפקידם למצוא מידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">למרות זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">המצעד המטופש הזה ממשיך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ככל הנראה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">מידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ואפילו אינטליגנציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">לא עוזרים במניעת הנטיה הזו של מנהיגים לצעוד ב </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">מצעד האיוולת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">'<br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">התשובה היא כי לכל ההחלטות המטופשות האלה יש מכנה משותף אחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">: </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">חוסר היכולת של מנהיגים אלה לחזות איך אנשים של קבוצה תרבותית שונה יגיבו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">מנהיגים שונים הפגינו שוב ושוב חוסר הבנה זה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">למרבה הצער חוסר הבנה כזה אצל מנהיגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">מוביל לאסון לעיתים קרובות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">בספר זה אני טוען כי לכולנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">לא רק למנהיגים שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">יש הבנה מוגבלת של התנהגות האדם האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">חשוב מאוד לכולם להבין איך אנשים אחרים מבינים אירועים וכיצד הם מגיבים אליהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">למרבה הצער</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">זו לא משימה קלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">הפילוסוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">עמנואל לוינס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ציין כי פניו של האחר הם תמיד מה שאני לא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ולכן הם תמיד חידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אנחנו יודעים מעט מאוד על האופן שבו המוח שלנו עובד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">פחות מכלום על מה שקורה במוחו של אדם אחר</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ההתעניינות שלי באיזו מידה אנו מבינים את האדם האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">התעוררה כאשר ראיתי שהחברים האינטליגנטיים שלי לא יכולים להבין איך מישהו כמוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">נשאר נאמן לרעיונות שהם תופשים כמופרכים לחלוטין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אינם מבוססים על עובדות וחסרי היגיון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">כמובן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">גם אני תוהה לפעמים איך אנשים נבונים כמותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">יכולים לשגות באשליות שאינן מבוססות בבירור על ההיגיון והעובדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">.<br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ברור שיש היבט כלשהו מעבר להיגיון של אנשים הקובע את דרך החשיבה שלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אדם יכול להיות בטוח שיש לו את הרעיונות הנכונים בעוד אדם אחר שוגה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">ואילו אחרים יחשבו כך בדיוק על אותו אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">.</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפני שאנו מנסים להבין את האחר עלינו להכיר בכך שיש שוני גדול מאד בין בני אדם ובייחוד אם אלו באים מרקע תרבותי שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור לכל אדם שיש הבדל בין גבר לאישה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בין אדם רזה לשמן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גבוה ונמוך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש גם הבדל בשאיפות ובצורת המחשבה של אנשים שונים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך כמו שהבחין הפילוסוף עמנואל לווינס</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">,</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עבורנו אנשים אחרים הם </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">- '</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">', </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן הם מסתורין ושאלה</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מזמין אתכם למסע חקר בנבכי אותה טרטוריה מסתורית ובלתי ידועה – </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפנים של האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בתקווה שבסופו של המסע נבין מעט יותר איך אנשים אחרים חושבים ומגיבים</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפני שיוצאים למסע כזה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים לפתוח את הראש לבחינה מחודשת של מוסכמות הנטועות בכל אחד מאתנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זו לא תהיה הפעם הראשונה בהיסטוריה האנושית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמוסכמות שהיו מובנות מאליהן לכל אחד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מתבררות כלא נכונות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אתם הרי לא מאמינים באמת שהארץ שטוחה ושהשמש והכוכבים מסתובבים סביבה</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חלק מההנחות שנפגוש במסע זה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יראו לכם מופרכות לא פחות מאשר נראו טענות אלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאנשים שחיו לפני קופרניקוס</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להם היה ברור שהארץ שטוחה ושהשמש והכוכבים סבים סביבה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל אחד הבין אז</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאנשים לא יכולים לעמוד הפוך ולא ליפול לחלל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן העולם אינו יכול להיות כדורי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל אחד ראה במו עיניו שהשמש והירח סובבים את הארץ העומדת במנוחה במרכז</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רק הטרדן הזה גלילאו חזר ואמר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: “</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל זאת נוע תנוע”</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אבל הוא צדק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">!</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר זה ניסיתי לתת כלים שיעזרו להבין איך אדם אחר </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שאינו אני</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב ומתנהג</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מאחר ואנשים מתנהגים ומחליטים החלטות בעיקר לפי הצורה בה הם מרגישים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים להבין איזה רגשות יופעלו אצל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בהמשך אני מניח שהרגשות הם חלק לא מבוטל בדרך בה אדם חושב ולכן כדי להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים להבין מה מעורר בו רגשות שיביאו אותו לחשוב ולהגיב בדרך מסוימת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מדענים שוקדים במעבדות ומנסים למפות את המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהבין איזה תאים במוח אחראים לפונקציות השונות שהוא מבצע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם אם נדע בדיוק איך כל הסינופטיות במוח מופעלות בזמן ביצוע מטלה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עדיין לא נוכל להעריך מה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרגיש ואיך הוא יפעל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עיקר המאמץ המחקרי של המדענים הוא להבין איך המוח בנוי ואיך הוא מעבד את הנתונים שמתקבלים מהחושים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זה ידע חשוב כדי להבין אדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך חשובה לא פחות האינפורמציה שנאגרת במוחו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההשפעה ההדדית של החברה והאדם שנמצא בתוכה והתרבות המכתיבה את סולם הערכים לפיה אדם מתנהג</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: auto; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המדענים חוקרים </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>איך</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> המוח עובד</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הגישה בספר זה שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נבדוק </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>למה</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> המוח פועל כך ולא אחרת</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נסיק זאת מתוך הבחינה של אופי המטלות עבורן המוח התפתח בשנים רבות של אבולוציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נבדוק גם </span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>מה</b></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> משפיע על המחשבה והפעולה של האדם כי האדם אינו מנותק מהחברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">.</span></span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני תקווה שלאחר שתקראו ספר זה תדעו מה צריך ללמוד על האדם והחברה אליה הוא שייך ולמה לשים לב כדי להעריך איך אדם מרגיש ופועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרק ראשון נבדוק את המנגנונים הבסיסיים של פעולת המחשבה והתגובות של מוח האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין איך אדם מרגיש ומגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרק שני נציג את ההשפעה שיש לחברה על המחשבות והתגובות של האדם החי בתוכה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרק שלישי נבדוק איך להבין חברה אנושית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנת החברה חשובה לשקלול השפעתה על האדם החי בתוכה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">החלק האחרון בספר הוא סיכום הדרך להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="zh-CN">למרות שהתובנות המופיעות בספר מבוססות על מחקרים עדכניים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="zh-CN">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="zh-CN">נמנעתי מלציין את המקורות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="zh-CN">.</span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: auto; break-inside: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="zh-CN">שתי סיבות לכך:</span></span></span></p><p class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">הסיבה הראשונה היא שאיני רוצה לפגוע בקריאה השוטפת של הספר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">הסיבה השניה היא שבמאה העשרים ואחת אין טעם לקרוא את המאמרים והספרים העיוניים בהם מוצגים המחקרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">קשה למצוא ולרכוש אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">לפעמים נמצא שהם התיישנו וכדאי לקרוא את המחקרים החדשים באותו נושא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">אפשר למצוא באינטרנט כל מחקר בכל נושא על ידי חיפוש לפי הנושא בלבד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">לאלו שחשוב להם לקרוא את המחקרים המקוריים הזכרתי פה ושם את שמות החוקרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zh-CN">חיפוש לפי השם יתן את המחקר הספציפי.</span></span></span></span></div></span></span></span></span><ol></ol>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-51133485015926348162023-01-24T17:13:00.002+02:002023-01-24T17:13:14.708+02:00במה שונה החי מהצומח והדומם<p> <span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מדענים עדיין לא הצליחו ליצור חיים במעבדה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הם קרובים מאד לכך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חוקר בשם סטנלי מילר הראה שאפשר ליצור את המולקולות המורכבות שבסיס החיים במעבדה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בתוך מערכת סגורה של צינורות ומבחנות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכין מילר תערובת שחיקתה את אותו מרק כימי קדמון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חישמל אותה כאילו היכו בה ברקים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וחימם כאילו היתה נתונה להתפרצויות וולקנית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בקיצור</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">דימה עולם קדום בבקבוק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ובתוך העיסה נוצרו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למרבה הפלא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חומצות אמינו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נוקלאוטידים וסוכרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרכיביו של כל יצור חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אבני הבניין של הדנ</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">א ושל האנזימים המפעילים את גופנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לא בכדי מתקשים מדענים ופילוסופים להגדיר מהם חיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אין הגדרה המבדילה באופן חותך בין חי לדומם אולי בגלל שאין באמת הבדל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש רצף התפתחות בין האטומים המרכיבים מולקולות שמתחברות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בתנאים מסויימים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם מולקולות אחרות כדי ליצור מולקולות הנחשבות לאבני בנין של החיים ויודעות גם להתרבות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נכון שהתהליך הזה עדיין לא נהיר לגמרי למדע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אין סיבה שהמדענים לא יוכלו ליצור חיים במעבדה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">כמובן קיימת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסיבה הכלכלית</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי הרי הרבה יותר זול ואף מהנה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ליצור חיים בשיטה הישנה והבדוקה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הגבול בין חי לדומם מטושטש גם מבחינות אחרות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גבישים דוממים מתרבים כאשר הם נמצאים בתמיסה רוויה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם הם חיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ווירוסים ואף זרעים הופכים לדוממים כאשר תנאי הסביבה לא מאפשרים התפתחות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ומתעוררים לחיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר התנאים משתנים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם הם חיים או דוממים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תכונות רבות המיוחסות לחיים אפשר לראות במערכות שכל אחד יצביע עליהן כדוממות כגון עיר המתפתחת וגדלה עם הזמן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל הדיון הזה במהות החיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בא כדי להוות בסיס לטענה שהאדם הוא רק מכונה שאפשר להבין את פעולתה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או לפחות ללמוד איך ללחוץ על הכפתורים הנכונים כדי לקבל תגובה רצויה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אתה הקורא תשאל בצדק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למה אני עוסק בשאלה של קיום התודעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר שמטרתו להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התשובה היא שחייבים להבין מהי </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התודעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">של </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בה הוא חושב ופועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אם התודעה אינה אלא חלק של המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב להבין את כל המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולא רק את אותו חלק כדי להבין איך </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב ומגיב</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איני בא להציג תורה פילוסופית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך צריך לכתוב ספר אחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מבקש ממך הקורא הנבון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לתת הזדמנות לדעות המובעות כאן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גם אם אתה מאמין בתודעה או נשמה ובאלוהים שנשף אותה לגוף האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תוכל לבדוק אם הדרך בה מוצגים מנגנוני החשיבה של מוח האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מאפשרת הבנה עמוקה יותר של </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">מאשר לנסות לבחון את מעמקי נבכי הנשמה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אי אפשר להבין את המסתורין של איך </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חושב ופועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ללא הבנה של המנגנונים הפועלים במוח היוצר את המחשבה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם כך נצא מתוך ההנחה ש </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אין אנו אלא מכונה משוכללת המצוידת במחשב אורגני</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.”</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לא נעים לגלות זאת נכון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התרגלנו לחשוב שאנו יצורים עליונים בעלי תודעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמעט אלים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בחינת </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשה אדם בדמותנו ובצלמנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">."</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם תודעה הייתה קיימת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מי יכול היה להבין מחשבות של משהו אלוהי ובלתי נתפש כמו רוח האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך אם אנו מכונה חושבת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש בכוחנו להבין איך המכונה המשוכללת הזו פועלת ולהעריך איך היא תגיב אם נלחץ על הכפתורים המתאימים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לך הקורא יש מוח משלך ותוכל לבדוק בעצמך את ההנחות שאציג לפי ניסיונך ודרך התבוננות באחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל מה שאני מבקש הוא להימנע משלילת ההנחות שלי על הסף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני יודע שהרעיון שאנו מכונה חושבת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה לעיכול</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם אתה הקורא לא יכול להתמודד עם כך מוטב שתפסיק לקרוא ברגע זה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עכשיו קורא יקר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שנשארנו לבד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאחר שסוננו כל הקוראים האחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אותם קוראים שכנראה בין כה וכה אין להם את היכולת או הרצון להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני בטוח שתמצא תועלת ברעיונות שתקרא בהמשך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם זאת כאשר תפיל את הספר מידך לאחר שקראת את המילה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">!”, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני ממליץ להפעיל את יכולת ההדחקה הסלקטיבית שלך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי שתוכל ליהנות ממוזיקה טובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להתרגש מציור נאה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לצחוק מרפליקה שנונה בסרט</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולתת להורמון האהבה לשטוף אותך תוך חיבוק עם אהובתך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">העובדה שאנו מכונות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אינה חייבת להפריע לנו ליהנות מהחיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא לשפר אותם על ידי הבנת האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-40449439278829903382023-01-23T16:52:00.001+02:002023-02-12T00:08:16.880+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">סיכום </span></h1><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYFXOfR704wzHsHyS6Rvv4dtzqfOluJsyT5pTW_839D7xhpZJykt7NBIUxmVuvWOezgKqgDzaG5qDEAGX6Y1d7lHPyi-5BfNR4IlgIrErALJYs2tIwJNZAnOyyMt2xGNsr1QxIHEecSmrEbcoYX96kiNhG4AqvLyZyXWAd-KCYLoXmJvWk-tmuDYTx" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhYFXOfR704wzHsHyS6Rvv4dtzqfOluJsyT5pTW_839D7xhpZJykt7NBIUxmVuvWOezgKqgDzaG5qDEAGX6Y1d7lHPyi-5BfNR4IlgIrErALJYs2tIwJNZAnOyyMt2xGNsr1QxIHEecSmrEbcoYX96kiNhG4AqvLyZyXWAd-KCYLoXmJvWk-tmuDYTx" width="310" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 18pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></b></p><ol><li><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מה צריך ללמוד על </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להעריך מה הוא חושב ואיך הוא פועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></h2></li></ol><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14747_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב להעריך את התגובה שלו למגוון של נושאים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נושאים כלליים כמו חרות מול קבלת סמכות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אדיקות וכו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ועד כמה התגובה שלו קשורה לסביבה בה הוא חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14749_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך תחילה עלינו לזקק את המידע שאנו אוספים על </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מהשפעת התרבות שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14751_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להלן מקצת מהקטגוריות שצריך לחקור כדי להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">':</span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14753_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">תמונת המציאות שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרקים הקודמים ראינו את המורכבות של בניית תמונת מציאות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14755_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כללי התרבות שלו – המנהגים של הקבוצה בה הוא חי והסטראוטיפים המוטבעים בו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14757_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אופיו הפרטי – אוסף בסיס הנתונים שהוא צובר עם הניסיון והתגובות הנובעות מאופיו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14759_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרחב הידע האישי שלו </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זה לא בהכרח הידע האמתי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא מה הוא חושב שהוא יודע על הנושא הרלוונטי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14761_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סף התגובה שיניע אותו לפעולה – אדם יתעלם מכל דבר שאינו עובר סף שמעבר לו הוא יתפרץ</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14763_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רמת התגובה לאותו אירוע – עוצמת התגובה לאחר שסף הרגישות שלו נפרץ</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14765_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב גם לבדוק גם את הרגישות של </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">' (</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נגזרת שנייה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולא רק את רמת התגובה היחסית לשיעור מעל לרף התגובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הרגישות מוגדרת כשנוי עוצמת התגובה ביחס לשנוי בעוצמת האירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין איך אדם יגיב לאירוע עלינו לשלב את כל הידוע עליו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14767_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם מקבלים את התזה שהצגתי שהאדם הוא בעצם מכונה אורגנית הנשלטת על ידי מחשב אורגני שקוראים לו מוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר להבין כל אדם אם יש לנו מספיק נתונים וידע על דרכי פעולתה של מכונת האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להבדיל מהגישה הרואה את האדם כייצור בעל נשמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או לפחות תודעה מנטלית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מסתורית שאין לדעת מה היא חושבת ואיך היא תיפעל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האדם האחר אינו אני</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.”</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חלק ניכר ממשמעות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היא להעריך ברמה טובה של סבירות איך האדם האחר יגיב על אירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הנה הדגמה של מה שנחוץ כדי להעריך זאת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר הזה הצגתי תזה נוספת בשם </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הפרקטליות האנושית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האומרת שאין לראות את האדם כמכונה העומדת בפני עצמה אלא כחלק ממכונה גדולה יותר – הקהילות התרבותיות שבמסגרתן הוא פועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן הבנת האדם האחר מחייבת לצד ההבנה של הצורה בה פועל מוחו של האדם הבודד גם לקחת בחשבון את ההשפעה של הקהילה בה הוא חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span><span lang="zh-CN"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הנה מספר נוסחאות כדי להמחיש בצורה מדעית את היכולת להבין איך האדם האחר יגיב לאירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמובן שקשה להעריך את הפרמטרים בנוסחאות שאציג</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף הנוסחאות עצמן אינן כוללות את כל הגורמים המשפיעים ולכן אינן שלמות ואינן מדויקות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני משער שעם התקדמות במציאת כלים להערכה מדויקת יותר של הפרמטרים בנוסחאות נגיע גם להערכה מדויקת יותר של הבנה איך אדם אחר יגיב או לפחות איך רוב האנשים השייכים לקבוצה תרבותית מסויימת יגיבו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נגדיר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14769_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;">events=E</span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14771_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">Es </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא אותו חלק מהאירוע במציאות שנקלט במוחו של אדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></p><ol><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14773_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במגבלות החושים </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">(limitations = l).</span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14775_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רק אותו חלק של מציאות אליו המוח מכוון כדי להשיג את מירב האינפורמציה החשובה לו – </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">direction=d.</span></span></p></li></ol><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14777_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">Individual =i </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מציין חלק אישי במוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מקבל ערך בין </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">0 </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">1 </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי נטיית האדם למחשבה עצמאית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14779_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">community = c </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מציין את החלק הקהילתי במוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מקבל ערך בין </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">0 </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">1 </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי נטיית האדם לקבלת תרבות הקהילה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14781_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ביחד הוא השלם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">: i+c=1</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14783_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">Senses = s </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מציין רגישות החושים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14785_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">Feelings = F </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מציין מסנן רגשי שמקבל ערכים </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">0-1.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14787_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מכאן החלק של האירוע שנתפס באופן אישי הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">: Ei=Fi*Es</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14789_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">החלק של האירוע שנתפס במסגרת הבט קהילתי הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">: Ec=Fc*Es</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14791_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והאירוע כולו במוחו של האדם האחר הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">: E=i*Ei+c*Ec</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14793_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בשלב הבא האירוע כפי שנראה במוחו של האדם מושווה לתבניות הקיימות במוחו כדי לקבוע תגובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14795_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;">patterns<span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">=p</span></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14797_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם נמצאה התאמה חלקית לתבנית קיימת המוח מניח בשלב ראשון שהאירוע שווה לאירוע שיצר את התבנית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הוא ממשיך ובודק כל הזמן בעוד אינפורמציה נוספת זורמת עם הזמן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">: </span><span lang="en-US"><b>E=Ep</b></span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14799_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח שולף את התגובה המוכנה בזיכרונו לאירוע </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">Ep </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל עוד אין אינפורמציה שסותרת זאת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14801_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם בשלב כלשהו הוא לא מוצא תבנית מתאימה הוא נאלץ להתאים תבנית חדשה לפי חלקי תבניות שונות הקיימות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מה שלוקח זמן רב יותר לתגובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14803_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בשלב הבא המוח חייב להחליט על תגובה לאירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14805_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נגדיר תגובה כ </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">response=r</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14807_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך הוא משווה את עוצמת האירוע לספי התגובה לסוג כזה של אירוע הנקבעים על ידי ערכי התרבות הקהילתית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האופי האישי של האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ומצב רוחו באותו זמן</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאדם יש שני ספי תגובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></p><ul><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14809_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סף תגובה תחתון שמתחתיו הוא אדיש לאירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span><span lang="en-US"><b>Er<Er1</b></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14811_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סף תגובה עליון שמעליו הוא פועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span><span lang="en-US"><b>Er>Er2</b></span></span></p></li><li><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14813_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בין שני הספים האלו האדם יגיב רגשית אך לא יפעל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span><span lang="en-US"><b>Er2>Er>Er1</b></span></span></p></li></ul><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14815_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במקביל לקביעת התגובה לפי עוצמת האירוע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח מכוון את התגובה לאזורים שונים במוח להמשך הטיפול</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי מהירות התגובה הנדרשת הקשורה גם ברמת הסכנה הצפויה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האזורים השונים האלו במוח מפעילים שרירים על ידי פקודות לעצבים המתאימים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או מפעילים בלוטות הורמונים שונים לויסות פעולת הגוף ולהצגת רגשות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14817_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש תגובות רפלקסיביות שחלקן אפילו נעשה על ידי העצבים בקצה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפני שהמוח מקבל את האינפורמציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14819_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההחלטות שנעשות על ידי המוח מתחלקות לשני סוגים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14821_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר המוח מוצא התאמה טובה בין האירוע לתבנית קיימת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו במקרה של נהיגה הביתה או פעולת הליכה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח מפעיל את השרירים המתאימים באופן אוטומטי ללא הצגה לתודעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14823_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר נדרשת תגובה מהירה למשהו חדש </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהמוח לא מוצא לו תבנית מתאימה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח מחליט עוד לפני שהוא מציג את ההחלטה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו החלטות שנחקרו במסגרת המחקר של ליבט</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14825_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר נדרש תכנון ארוך טווח כמו בהחלטה על מסע שחמט</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נתוני האירוע </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">E </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שמובנים במוחו של האדם מוצגים לחלק המוח המפעיל תכונות שונות כמו דמיון והיגיון כדי להגיע לאפשרות הפעולה המיטבית מתוך מספר אפשרויות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך כלל במקרים כאלו המוח חייב להסתייע גם בתצוגה כדי להקל על קביעת ההחלטות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14827_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בכל המקרים האלו המוח בונה תבניות חדשות או משנה תבניות קיימות כמסקנות מתוצאות ההחלטות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך הוא בדרך כלל נעזר בתצוגה רגשית וחזותית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14829_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמובן שאין דרך לקבוע את הפרמטרים האלו אלא להעריך אותם בלבד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הצגתי את הנוסחה רק כדי להדגים עד כמה הבנת </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מורכבת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14831_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרקים הקודמים ניסיתי לתת לך הקורא כלים להערכת הפרמטרים האלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מצויד בכל אלו ובתובנות של הדרך בה המוח שלנו פועל אני מקווה שהצלחתי לעזור לך הקורא להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></p><ol><ol><li><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.44cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4></li></ol><li><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14833_615200668"></a><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם באמת אפשר להבין את האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></h2></li></ol><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה מאד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הוכחנו כבר בפרקים הקודמים שהאדם הוא מכונה משוכללת בעלת מחשב אורגני </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אין נשמה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או משהו בלתי מובן אחר שאי אפשר לצפות את פעולתו אם אספנו מספיק נתונים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מכונות אינן </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מסתורין ושאלה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שניסח זאת הפילוסוף לבינס</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר להבין איך המכונות פועלות בתנאים שונים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הראנו שגם חברות בדומה לאנשים הבודדים הן מכונות משוכללות הפועלות לפי כללים שאפשר להבין</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם לומדים את הנתונים המוזנים אליהן ויודעים איך הם מעבדות נתונים אלו לכלל תגובה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה לאסוף נתונים מספיקים כדי להעריך בדיוק איך אדם מרגיש ומגיב כמו גם איך החברה מתנהגת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך שיטות איסוף הנתונים משתכללות עם הזמן והתקדמות טכנולוגית</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יחד עם השיטות מפתחים גם מגוון של מכשירים העוזרים לגלות איך אדם או חברה יחשבו ויגיבו לכל אירוע או רעיון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לרוב גם אין צורך בהערכה מדויקת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להבין שאריה מסתער עלי איני חייב להבין את כל הפרטים אלא רק את הפרטים הרלבנטים כמו הערכת הזמן שדרוש לו להגיע אלי אם אני לא אברח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או האם הוא מספיק רעב כדי לתקוף אותי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ראינו שהמוח בנוי להערכות מדויקות ומהירות מספיק כדי לעזור לנו לשרוד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בעולם המודרני אריות התוקפים בני אדם די נדירים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך עדיין חשוב לנו להעריך בצורה מספקת איך בני אדם אחרים חושבים ומגיבים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לשם כך אפשר להעזר בידע ובנתונים שאנו יכולים לגלות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היכולת להבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשורה בקושי לאסוף נתונים עליו ועל החברה בה הוא חי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קשה ביותר להבין ולאסוף נתונים על אדם </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">זר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בעל תרבות שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יותר קל להבין באופן סטטיסטי הסתברות איך אחר מרגיש ומגיב לפי הלך רוח של הקבוצה אליה הוא שייך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קל עוד יותר להבין אדם קרוב מהקבוצה שלך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכי קל להבין סטטיסטית איך אדם שמאבד את זהותו לטובת הקבוצה יחשוב ויפעל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כי הוא מרגיש ופועל כמו כל הקבוצה אליה הוא שייך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאלו היו המוסלמים שגררו את גופת השגריר האמריקאי בבנגזי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הילרי קלינטון הייתה חייבת הייתה ללמוד את התרבות המוסלמית כדי להבין ולצפות התנהגות כזו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך היא לא עשתה זאת כי יש לה כמו לרובנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">קושי להשתחרר מדרך המחשבה שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם מסתכל על המציאות דרך משקפיים מסננים ועטוף בשתי שכבות אטומות שמסתירות את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מפניו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא מביט על העובדות דרך משקפים הצובעים את המציאות בצבע וורוד השומר עליו מפני הרגשה רעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המשקפיים מסננים את האינפורמציה ומעוותים את המציאות ויחד איתה את דמות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף אנו עטופים במעטה חלקלק של סממני תרבות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">העוטף כל אחד מבני העדר שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במטרה לצמצם את החיכוך עם הקרובים אלינו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">את כל חבריו אדם רואה מבעד למעטה התרבות המחזק את הדומים לו ומטשטש את השונים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סממנים האלו כוללים את המסורת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההרגלים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השמרנות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והשגרה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל מה שמאפשר לחיה שבתוכנו לחיות בשלום עם החיות האחרות בעדר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן אדם משוכנע בנקל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהאחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא אדם בדמותו והוא יגיב כמוהו ויפעל לפי הערכים שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לכן אדם עומד תוהה ללא הבנה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר האחר מגיב אחרת ממה שהוא היה מגיב באותה סיטואציה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח מוחה אירועים שלא מתאימים לאג</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נדה שלו מהזיכרון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו מורה קפדן המוחק במטלית רטובה משפט מקומם שכתב ליצן הכיתה על לוח הגיר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי לראות את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שהוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עלינו לפתוח צוהר באותו מעטה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולהסיר את המשקפיים הוורודים ולו לרגע אחד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי לראות את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שהוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם זאת לא מספיק אם </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שייך לקבוצה תרבותית שונה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה זה עלינו להציץ מעבר לחומה התרבות המקיפה אותנו יחד עם כל העדר שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">החומה שמגינה עלינו מעדרים אחרים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך מקשה מאוד לראות את העדר האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאחר מכן עלינו לראות את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המסתתר מעבר לחומת התרבות שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ועטוף כולו בבורקה המסתירה את זהותו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מעטים בעלי עצמאות מחשבתית מספקת כדי להרים את ההינומה המסתירה ולהביט </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">באחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מעל לחומת התרבות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עלינו לזכור שגם אותם המעטים שיכולים להעיף מבט חטוף ולהבין משהו מהתנהגות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם בדרך כלל לא אלו שמסוגלים לעשות משהו בנידון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם עצמם חריגים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמודחים מהעדר המחבק את אומרי ההן ומדיר את החריגים מעצם היותם חושבים עצמאיים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה הטוב איש לא שם לב לדבריהם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במקרה הקשה הם מועלים על המוקד</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בדרך כלל אנשים בעלי רעיונות משל עצמם אינם מקובלים בחברה ולכן אינם יכולים להיות מנהיגים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם זאת תכונות סותרות אלו יכולות להתקיים אצל מנהיג שהגיע לעמדת מנהיגות במקרה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בלי שהוא התאמץ לפלס לו דרך בכוח אל עמדת המנהיגות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">משה רבנו היה כזה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא קבל חינוך למנהיגות בתור בנה המאומץ של בת פרעה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והגיע לעמדת מנהיגות במקרה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר הגן בסערת רוח על עבד יהודי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. (</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ראה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">משה ההוגה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">")</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם הזמן והתקדמות הטכנולוגיה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">משתכללות שיטות ומפותחים אמצעים לגילוי מחשבות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הבודד ובעיקר התנהגות </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שהוא קבוצה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למשל סקרי דעת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שפת הגוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גלאי שקר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בלוני ניסוי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' - </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שמועות שאפשר להכחישן אם התגובה אליהן לא רצויה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בספר זה ניסיתי להרים צוהר לצורה בה </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מרגיש ופועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם אתה הקורא יכול להתגבר על המסכים שלך ושל האחר כדי לראות נכוחה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האם אתה מסוגל להכיר במגבלות המעטה התרבותי והאישי שלך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ולנסות למשך זמן מועט לשחרר את מוחך מהמגבלות האלו ולהישיר עיניים אל </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'? </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עלינו לזכור שרגשות הדחייה שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם פעולות כימיות שהמוח משתיל לטובת החיבור שלנו עם העדר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נתעלם מהם לרגע</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ונזכור שגם </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לאחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יש סט רגשות שהושתלו אצלו כדי לחבר אותו אל העדר שלו ולהתנגד לעדר שלנו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם המאמץ יצלח בידך ולאחר שתלמד את תרבותו וסביבתו של </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ותזכור גם איך המוח פועל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אולי תבין במידה מסוימת את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך גם אם לא תבין את </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מקוה שהתובנות שרכשת בספר זה יעזרו לך להבין לפחות טוב יותר את עצמך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">גם בכך דיינו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></p><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">סוף</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></p>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-26229177685961314292023-01-23T16:46:00.007+02:002023-02-12T00:04:49.762+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family: "David CLM"; font-size: x-large;">להבין את החברה</span></span></h1><h3 style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></span></b></h3><h2 style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">הזבוב שחרש את השדה</span></span></span></h2><h3 style="text-align: right;"><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 18.4px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחד ממשלי קרילוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מספר על הזבוב שישב על גב השור שחרש את השדה כל היום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בסופו של יום העבודה אמר הזבוב לשור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היה לנו יום קשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני ואתה חרשנו כל היום בשדה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">." </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המשל מתאים לאדם שמתגאה בהישגי האנושות שנעשו בידי הייצור הגדול יותר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברה האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרק הראשון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דנו בדרך בה מוח האדם מקבל אינפורמציה ומעבד אותה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>המנגנונים הבסיסיים של המוח</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> עוזרת להבין את </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת בגלל ש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מבינים טוב יותר את </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">דרך ההבנה של הדרך בה המציאות משתקפת אצלו שיכולה להיות שונה מהדעה שלנו על דמות המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">רמזנו שם גם למה אנו חייבים לשים לב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כדי להעריך איך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">מגיב על אותה מציאות וירטואלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בפרק השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מצאנו ש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש להעריך כמה מתוך האדם הוא אותו אינדיווידואל שניסינו להבין בפרק הראשון</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ואיזה חלק ממנו משקף ביטוי של החברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כמה מהשקפת העולם היא פרי רוחו וכמה היא משקפת את הזהות של האדם עם השקפת העולם של החברה שהוא חולק עם חבריו לקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">בפרק זה אני טוען שיש לראות את החברה האנושית עצמה כייצור בפני עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הבנה של התנהגות אותו ייצור הכרחית כדי להשלים את ההבנה על אותו חלק של האדם המשקף את החברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">אם נבין את הגורמים המשפיעים על יצירתה של תרבות שהיא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">השקפת העולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">של החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">נוכל להבין את אותו חלק של האדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">השייך לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">וכך להשלים את הבנת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">על שני חלקיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטענה שהחברה התרבותית היא ייצור חי קשה לעיכול לאדם המערבי בעל השקפת עולם המאדירה את הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך היא חיונית להבנה מלאה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני טוען שלא רק שהחברה האנושית עונה על כל הקריטריונים של ייצור חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלא שהיא זו שחורשת את השדה ולא הזבובים האנושים שיושבים על גבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ההישגים של האנושות הם הישגי החברה האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בפרק זה לא נחקור חברות קטנות כמו משפחה או קהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלא ננסה לציין את המרכיבים שמשפיעים על אופי הגוף הגדול המוגדר כעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וזאת מהנימוקים הבאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש דמיון באופי של חברות קטנות וגדולות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך שאפשר להקיש מתוך הידוע על התנהגות אומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">להתנהגות חברות קטנות יותר כמו מפלגה או משפחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנושות צועדת לקראת חיבור חברות קטנות לחברות ההולכות וגדלות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן יש חשיבות רבה לדיון באופי החברות הגדולות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנו מוצאים גם שחברות קטנות כמו משפחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאבדות את השפעתן על האינדיווידואל מול התרבות המתעצמת בתקשורת ההמונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">לעתים אדם מתמזג עם האחרים בתוך החברה עד כדי איבוד זהותו האישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כמו תא בתוך גופו של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כדי להבין אדם כזה מספיק להבין איך חושבת ופועלת אותה ישות גדולה הנקראת חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">חשוב להגדיר את אותה ישות ולמצוא את המאפיינים שלה או בעצם את תרבותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">במטרה להבין איך ישות זו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">חושבת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ופועלת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תחילה נציג את אותה ישות הפועלת כגוף חי שקראנו לו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר אנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחר כך נראה את הדמיון בין הגוף החי הנקרא אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבין </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר אנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בפרק ראשון בדיון על סוגי אבולוציה וגם בחלק שבו נדונה הפרקטליות האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הראנו שמנגנון האבולוציה הוא מנגנון כללי המתאר את ההתפתחות בטבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן גם העדר האנושי מתפתח לפי חוקי האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדיוק כמו האדם הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בפרק זה ננסה לנתח את הדרך בה נוצרו חברות גדולות הרבה מעבר לצורך ההישרדותי הקדום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חברות ענק אלו נעזרו בתרבות ותקשורת משוכללות ופיתחו טכנולוגיה שנתנה לאנושות את היתרון על כל צורות החיים האחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבסוף נדון אם אפשר לשנות תרבות של חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהיא כאמור הדרך בה החברה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חושבת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומגיבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדומה לדיון בפרק השני בנושא של יכולת שנוי דעות של אדם בודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאותו ייצור גדול שקראנו לו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש מחזור חיים הדומה למחזור החיים של אדם בודד אך בסדר גודל זמנים ארוך יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא נוצר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חי ובסופו של דבר מת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בגופו של אדם מובנית ההזדקנות המובילה למוות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ובאותה מידה בגופה של החברה מובנה מותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>זרעי הכישלון של </b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>העדר</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>' </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>נובטים על מצע ההצלחה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 18.4px; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><br /></p></h3><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">החיים הסודיים של חברות</span></span></h2><h3><p align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 18.4px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי שמתבונן מרחוק בנחשול האדם הזורם בהפגנה וצועק ססמאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכול לדמות אותו כגוף של איזו ישות חיה הזוחלת בשביל תוך נהימות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לנחשול האדם השואט ברחובות אפשר לקרוא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו עדר איילים השואטים בערבות אפריקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אספה בכיכר העיר דומה לקן של נמלים כאן וכאן אין משמעות לפרט הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התופעה של חיבור מינים במתכונת של עדרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נפוצה בדרך כלל במינים החלשים יותר בטבע שזו דרכם לעמוד בפני הטורפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זו בראש ובראשונה יכולת גנטית המאפשרת גם לדגים בני יומם לנוע בדבוקה של הדגים ואייל בן יומו לקום על רגליו ולהצטרף לעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש מדענים החוקרים כיצד מתפתחת התנהגות שיתופית בחברות בעלי חיים כמו מושבות נמלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שבהן פועלות עקרות מגדלות את ביצי מלכתן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">במחקרים אלו </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מצאו שחלק מן העקרונות השולטים בהתנהגות נמלים</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכול להסביר גם את הופעת חברות אחרות כמו חברות חיידקים בחלק התחתון של שרשרת החיים או חברות אנושיות בקצה העליון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נמצא שגם </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">ה</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חיידקים כמו נמלים והאנשים</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חיים בקהילות מורכבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שבהן הם מתקשרים זה עם זה כדי לשתף פעולה לטובת הכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך שהתופעה הזו של יצירת חברות בהן יש שיתוף פעולה של הבודדים המרכיבים אותן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טבעית ונפוצה בטבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נשאלת השאלה למה חברות הדגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנמלים והדבורים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לא הגיעו להישגים כמו החברה האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחת התשובות יכולה להיות שהנמלים אמנם משתפות פעולה בקבוצות גדולות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך אין הן חורגות מדפוס הפעולה הגנטי שלהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנושות לעומתם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הצליחה להתאגד בקבוצות גדולות ממה שהאבולוציה איפשרה גנטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעיקר על ידי פיתוח תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הכוח המשולב של חברה גדולה נתן למין האנושי את היתרון הגדול על פני חיות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות משותפת לקבוצות אנושיות גדולות התפתחה בתמיכה של המצאות התקשורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התקשורת המשוכללת איפשרה התקשורת בין אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם אם הם רחוקים מבחינת מרחק וזמן אחד מהשני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התקשורת מאפשרת לאנשים גם אם הם מרוחקים זה מזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">להגיע להסכמות של חיים בקבוצה וכך יוצרת תרבות משותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התרבות משמשת כדבק בין בני אדם שלא מכירים אחד את השני אישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומאפשרת גיבוש חברות אנשים גדולות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תשובה נוספת להבדל הזה בין היכולת של קבוצות האנושיות ליכולות של קבוצות מיני חיים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נעוצה באותו איזון הקיים בין האדם הבודד לקבוצה שבתוכה הוא חי שהוצג בפרק השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איזון זה מאפשר להנות משני העולמות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העוצמה הנובעת מגוף גדול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והגמישות שמאפשרים חריגים בודדים היכולים לקדם את הקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חברות של בעלי חיים אחרים שונות מחברות אנושיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בכך שהן הרבה יותר הומוגניות ונדיר למצוא שם חריגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זאת בגלל שהן נשענות על קשרים גנטיים חזקים בלבד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קשה לראות פר שמחליט להמשיך ולרבוץ בדשא כאשר העדר שואט הלאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפר פרדיננד בסיפור הילדים הידוע של מונרו ליף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שאוהב להריח פרחים ולהתבודד מתחת לעץ השעם מושך את הלב דווקא בגלל שהוא מתנהג בצורה אנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסיפור מספר שיום אחד לוקחים אותו לזירת שוורים במדריד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אבל הוא מתיישב בזירה ונהנה מהפרחים ששזורים בכובעיהן של הנשים בקהל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">; </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא מסרב להלחם עד שנאלצים להחזיר אותו לביתו והוא חוזר להתענג על הפרחים ועל עץ השעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פרדיננד הפר אוהב השלום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נחמד בעיקר בגלל שידוע לכל שאין דבר כזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קשה לאנשים ובעיקר לנו הליברלים המערביים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">להגדיר קבוצת אנשים כעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הליברל המצוי לא יכול לדמיין לעצמו ישות חברתית של בני אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כגוף חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא יכול לטעון שאין לישות החברתית הזו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גבולות וממדים מוגדרים היטב כמו לגוף האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן אי אפשר להחשיב </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כייצור חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך למרות העדר גבולות חדים בתוכם מוגבל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כל אחד יכול לקבוע את ההבדל בין </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדרים אנושיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמעט באותה קלות בה אנו מזהים בני אדם שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדי שאדם יזהה חברה כגוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עליו להיות מחוץ לאותו גוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנו מזהים בקלות את קבוצת המתפללים במסגד שבתמונה למעלה כגוף אחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך קשה לנו לקבל שגם הקבוצה הליברלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לה אנו שייכים מתנהגת כעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדרים אנושיים הם ישויות חברתיות שנולדות מתוך ישויות קדומות יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מתגבשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מתפתחות וצוברות כוח ועושר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נעשות אימפריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עם העושר והכוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פוחת הצורך בכללים נוקשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר החברה מגיעה לשיא כוחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים מרשים לעצמם לקדם את עצמם על חשבון החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דבר הגורם לסולידריות בחברה להתפורר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יותר ויותר אנשים נפרדים מהעדר והולכים לכיוונים שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לרגע זה מחכים הטורפים שעטים תחילה על אותם אנשים שיצאו ממעגל ההגנה של העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדיוק כמו שקורה במלחמה של הטורפים בעדרים הרועים בערבות הסבנה של אפריקה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו שלהקת האריות בטבע תוקפת תחילה את החיות שנפרדו מהעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך כאשר אנשים מתרחקים מהעדר הם טרף קל לקבוצות אנושיות האחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר רבים עוזבים את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא נחלש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואז חברה אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">צעירה ורעבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מכניעה את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנושי הנחלש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תופעה זו חוזרת ונשנית בהיסטוריה האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך קרה לאימפריה היוונית שנפלה בפני השבטים הרומים הברברים שירשו אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך קרה גם לאימפריה הרומית שקרסה לאחר שהגיעה לשיא כוחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסתאבה ונחלשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך קרה לאימפריה העותומנית שבשיא כוחה הפכה להיות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האדם החולה של אירופה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר לחזות בתופעה כזו גם היום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האימפריה המערבית ששולטת בעולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מגיעה לשלב הגסיסה האיטית שבא תמיד כאשר אין לחברה אתגר של איום רציני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפרטים המרכיבים את החברה המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איבדו את הנחישות למות למען ערכיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כפועל יוצא מאיבוד הסולידריות והנחישות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברה המערבית מתפוררת ונחלשת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זה הזמן של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הברברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החדשים מהאסלאם בעלי כללים נוקשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכידות גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומעל לכול נכונות למות למען ערכי החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לתקוף את האימפריה המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התאור הזה הוא מעט שטחי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כי הנושא של קבוצות אנושיות מורכב הרבה יותר מקבוצות של נמלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם יכול להיות שייך לכמה קבוצות שונות בעת ובעונה אחת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדיוק כמו שתא בגוף האדם יכול להיות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לקבוצת שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תא בעור היד יכול להיות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לקבוצת תאי העור ויחד עם זאת גם לקבוצת תאי היד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לתא עור היד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאפיינים שונים מתאי עור השפתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך יש גם מאפיינים הזהים בין שתי קבוצות תאים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בצורה דומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם יכול להיות אזרח מדינה המשותפת לו ולחברו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ובעת ובעונה אחת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שייך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לקבוצה דתית שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ההשתייכות הקובעת בזמן משבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היא ההשתייכות החזקה יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר החיבור של אדם לדת חזק יותר מכל חיבור אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למשל אדם מוסלמי בישראל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא ירגיש קרבה גדולה יותר למוסלמי בירדן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאשר לשכנו הנוצרי או היהודי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הרגשת השייכות הזו יכולה להשתנות עם הזמן או בהקשר לאירועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במקרה קיצוני של קשר חזק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר שיקום איש על שכנו השייך לקבוצה שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לא חסרות דוגמאות היסטוריות לכך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך קרה ביגוסלביה בעבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר הקרואטים גרשו ורצחו את שכניהם הסרבים שעד לפרוץ המלחמה חיו בשכנות טובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך קורה היום בעירק כאשר מוסלמים סונים קמים על שכניהם הנוצרים או היזידים ואפילו על מוסלמים אחרים שאין הבדל ביניהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבד מכך שהם שייכים לקבוצות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כתות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מוסלמיות שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ככל שהקבוצה חזקה ומגובשת יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קשה יותר לחריגים אינדיבידואלים לחיות בתוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדומה לגוף הדוחה תאים זרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך החברה דוחה חריגים המפריעים להרמוניה של לכידות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר יש בחברה קבוצות מיעוטים שאינן מתמזגות עם הקבוצה השלטת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זו מנסה לדחות אותן כדי לשמור על לכידותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם קבוצות המיעוטים הנדחים גדולות מספיק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם הן שואפות להיפרד ולהקים קבוצה משל עצמם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תופעות כאלו נפוצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הן קרו בעבר וקיים פוטנציאל של הפרדות כזו גם היום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעבר הקרוב התפוררו מדינות כמו ברית המועצות ויגוסלביה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היום הקטלונים רוצים להיפרד מספרד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסקוטים מאנגליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפלמים מבלגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">צפון איטליה מדרומה ועוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אפשר לראות זאת כאילו החברה הגדולה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ילדה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">חברות משנה קטנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">או בצורה מדויקת יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">החברה התפצלה לחברות קטנות בדומה להתרבות החיידקים או התאים בגוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">זה הרקע להתפוררות מדינות למדינות קטנות יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כדי ליצור מדינות שהאוכלוסיה בהן הומוגנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לו האמריקאים שכבשו את עיראק היו מבינים את העדר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שבמקרה הזה הוא מדינת עיראק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">הם היו מחלקים את עיראק לשלוש מדינות הומוגניות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">סונית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שיעית וכורדית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ודם רב היה נחסך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ראינו שהעדר האנושי נולד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מתמודד עם סביבתו כדי לשרוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">מוליד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">תת קבוצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בעל אופי שונה ובסופו של דבר מת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כל אלו מאפיינים של יצור חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כדי להבין אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">אנחנו לא בודקים כל תא בגופו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">באותה מידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י להבין עדר אנושי</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אין צורך לבדוק כל אדם בעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">אבולוציה של חברות</span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תורת האבולוציה של דרווין מסבירה איך גוף האדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו גם גוף החי והצומח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקרי אבולוציה יודעים גם להסביר חלק מדפוסי ההתנהגות של הפרט הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיקר אלו הנוגעים לרצון להמשך הקיום באמצעות הצאצאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש אמנם מעט חקר חברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיקר חקר חרקים כמו נמלים ודבורים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אין הרבה אנשי מדע העוסקים במחקרים של ממש על חברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבויות כגופים אוטונומיים העומדים בזכות עצמם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנטייה לקבל את תיאורית האבולוציה של דרווין כתורה המספקת תשובה מלאה לדרך בה התפתחו המינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גרמה לרבים להתעלם מתופעות בולטות בהן הפרט לא מתפקד כישות עצמאית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא רק כחלק מתוך החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הדבר דומה לחקר התנהגות התא הבודד בגוף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תוך התעלמות מתפקוד התא בתוך הגוף והקשר בינו לבין התאים האחרים ולגוף בכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא צריך להיות מדען</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקשר הזה ברור לכל אדם מתופעות רבות בחיי היום יום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל רצון הפרט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להיות כמו כולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או רגש גאוה לאומי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זה מתבטא בצורות שונות ורבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בלבוש אופנתי אחיד של החברה המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההתלהבות של אוהדים במגרש הכדורגל במשחק של הקבוצה הלאומית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או בהשתלהבות של המון במסגדים הצועק כגוף אחד קריאות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אללה אכבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחברה המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלו הן רק דוגמאות המבטאות התנהגות המטשטשת את הזהות אישית של הפרטים ויוצקת אותם בתבנית החברה לגוף אחיד אוטונומי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מכאן שאנו יכולים להשליך את עקרונות האבולוציה גם על חברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="he-IL" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">איך נולדה החברה האנושית</span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האדם חי בג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ונגלים בין החיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במרבית שנות ההתפתחות האבולוציונית שלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן חייב היה לפתח גם הוא כמו שאר החיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את היכולת הטבעית להתאגד בקבוצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראינו שגודל הקבוצה קטן במינים טורפים וגדול במינים הנטרפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האבולוציה הגבילה את היכולת הזו של האדם לקבוצות קטנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי מין האדם הוא טורף שצריך להיזהר ממעט טורפים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן מספיקה קבוצה קטנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">משפחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או שבט כדי לשמור על בטחונו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למרות זאת האנושות הצליחה להתאגד בקבוצות גדולות בהרבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ככל שהאנושות התארגנה בחברות גדולות יותר היא הגיעה להישגים גדולים יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היום אנו עדים לקיום חברות ענק כאשר כל חברה כוללת מליוני אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את היכולת הזו השיגה האנושות על ידי פיתוח כללי התנהגות בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המשמשים כשמן סיכה ומחליקים את החיכוך בין אנשים החיים בקבוצה גדולה ומאפשר חיים בצוותא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכללי ההתנהגות האלו קוראים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות כוללת את הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המסורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנימוס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנרטיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השפה ועוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות היא המנגנון החברתי העיקרי המלכד קבוצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להחיל את אותם כללי ההתנהגות על קבוצות אנשים גדולות יש צורך בתקשורת המיידעת את כל המשתתפים בכללים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומערכת אכיפה המאלצת את כולם להתנהג בהתאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחברות קטנות הספיקה תקשורת דלה כמו תנועות וסימנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וכיוון שהקשר בין אנשים היה הדוק היו דרושים כללים תרבותיים בסיסיים מועטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך התארגנות בחברות ענק דרשה תרבות מורכבת וקשוחה לצד תקשורת משוכללת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר חקרנו את השתלבות אדם בחברה בפרק השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היה עלינו לבחון את הקונפליקט בין הרצון של כל פרט להתפתח בתחרות מול הפרטים האחרים – אגואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבין הנכונות של פרט לתרום לחיזוק החברה בה הוא חי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלטרואיזם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בניתוח התפתחות חברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עלינו לבחון בצורה דומה את תכונות האגואיסטיות של החברה כולה בתחרות מול חברות אחרות מול הרצון האלטרואיסטי של קבוצות קטנות בעלות מכנה משותף </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות משותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">להתחבר וליצור חברה גדולה יותר גם במחיר של וויתור על חלק מהעצמאות של הקבוצה הקטנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגורמים המשפיעים על התפתחות החברה וגם על יכולתה להתחרות בחברות אחרת הם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הגודל האפקטיבי שלה</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>ואופי התרבות</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> שמגבשת ומאחדת את הפרטים שבתוך החברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" lang="he-IL" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0.48cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></h2><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><span lang="he-IL">גודל</span> <span lang="he-IL">אפקטיבי</span> <span lang="he-IL">של</span> <span lang="he-IL">חברה</span></span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גודל חברה לצורך הערכת התפתחותה לא נמדד על ידי ספירת הפרטים בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא על ידי ספירת מספר הפרטים המשתתפים בתרומה להתפתחותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי חוזקה של החברה הוא בתרומה המצטברת של הפרטים התורמים המרכיבים אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברה סגורה כדוגמת דיקטטורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בה שכבה קטנה פעילה ותורמת ושאר הפרטים מהווים רק כוח עבודה חסר מיומנות שתרומתו דלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יוצרת חברה קטנה מחברה דמוקרטית ודינמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שבה שכבה רחבה של אנשים משתתפים בפיתוחה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בראיה זו אין ישראל חברה קטנה מכל ארצות ערב ביחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">לשם הדגמה נתאר השוואה דמיונית אפשרית של התפתחות כלכלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">; </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">סין ידועה באוכלוסייתה הגדולה והעניה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שמאפשרת לה להיות מרכז הייצור העולמי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">בכל הקשור בעבודת כפיים אין לה מתחרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אך האם גם הפועל הסיני היעיל שבעולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">שמקבל משכורת רעב ועובד שעות ארוכות בתנאי עבדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">יכול להתחרות בקווי ייצור אוטומטי העובדים במהירות ובדיוק של מכונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ללא הפסק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ללא משכורת ותנאים סוציאלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">ללא שביתות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">כאשר כל מה שדרוש הוא הספקת חשמל ותחזוקה שוטפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">אם יקימו בישראל קווי ייצור כאלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;">סין תאבד את יתרון גודל האוכלוסייה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">השפעת התקשורת על גודל החברה</span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המין האנושי אינו ייחודי ביכולת של פרטים לתקשרת ביניהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מיני חיים שונים ואפילו צמחים יודעים לתקשר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך התקשורת של המין האנושי משוכללת מכל מין חיים או צומח אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעבר להעשרת הידע האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התקשורת חיונית ליצירת תרבות שמאחדת אנשים בודדים לכלל חברה מגובשת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברה כזו יכולה לענות טוב יותר מכל אדם בודד על האתגרים של מלחמת הקיום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתקשורת במובנה הרחב השפעה רבה על קידום המין האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התקשורת הטובה איפשרה להעביר ידע מדור לדור ולצבור את הידע במנגנונים משוכללים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להגדיר את קפיצות המדרגה לאורך הזמן של המצאות אמצעי התקשורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span lang="he-IL">הדיבור<br /></span>הכתב<br />הדפוס<br />התחבורה<br />התקשורת הקווית<br />התקשורת האלחוטית<br />האינטרנט<br />הטלפון החכם</span></p></h3><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>הדיבור</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הידע שניצבר על ידי אדם בימי חייו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נילמד על ידי הקרובים אליו על ידי תקשורת הדיבור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שפת הדיבור המשוכללת איפשרה העברה מדויקת של הידע והמחשבות של האדם לבני האדם האחרים שבאו במגע איתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמובן שהדיבור שידרג גם את היכולת להזיק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדוגמה הוא איפשר גם להביע בצורה מדויקת וחדה סלידה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הדיבור גם איפשר לאנשים בעלי כושר שכנוע להסית לביצוע דברים רעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך כל המצאה טומנת בחובה גם סכנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">טבע האדם קובע את טיב השימוש בהמצאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הדיבור המשוכלל יותר מהתקשורת המילולית אצל שאר החיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היווה עלייית מדרגה ראשונה בהשפעת התקשורת על קידום האנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">הכתב</b></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התקשורת בדיבור הייתה מוגבלת רק לאנשים שיכולים להיפגש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כלומר הידע הועבר רק לאנשים שהיו קרובים פיזית וחיו באותו זמן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הומצא הכתב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם יכול היה להשאיר עדות לידע שצבר על ידי כתיבתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את הידע הזה אפשר היה לקרוא גם לאחר שאותו אדם מת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר היה גם להעביר את הידע הכתוב למקומות המרוחקים ממקום מגורי אותו אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שהכתב שידרג את יכולת העברת ידע הן במקום והן בזמן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זו הייתה קפיצת מדרגה שניה בקידום האנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכתב הוא</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ללא ספק</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אחת מההמצאות החשובות ביותר בתולדות האנושות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא מאפשר לבני האדם לשמר ידע ולהעבירו לדורות הבאים וכך להגדיל את סך הפרטים התורמים לקבוצה ללא גבול תאורטי</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכתב איפשר לנו לפתח תרבות מתקדמת</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מסחר מפותח</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מדע ואף מערכת שלטון</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הראשונים שהשתמשו בכתב היו</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפי המשוער</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השומרים שחיו בעבר באזור בו נמצאת עיראק של היום </span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היה זה רק לפני פחות מעשרת אלפי שנה</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כמעט היום בהשוואה לזמן קיום מין האדם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">השומרים השתמשו בלוחות מחמר רך</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">וכתבו עליו באמצעות מקל</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בהתחלה היה הכתב מורכב מציורים שתארו עצמים ופעולות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אולם אט אט הפכו הציורים לאותיות בעזרתן ניתן היה לבנות את כל המילים</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עם הזמן פיתחו עוד עמים רבים כתב משלהם</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכתב ותוכן הספרים היו המאפיינים המובהקים של כל תרבות</span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>הדפוס</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">בספרו של ויקטור הוגו</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, "</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">הגיבן מנוטר</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">דם</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">", </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">מתואר איש מחקר השוקד על ספריו ומתבונן בספר המודפס הראשון שלו</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">המצטרף לספרים האחרים שהוכנו בכתב יד</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">ואז הוא מביט דרך חלונו בכנסיה של נוטר</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">דם ומהרהר בקול</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">: "</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">זה יביא לסוף של זה</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">." </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL">בכוונתו לומר שהספר המודפס יביא לסופה של הדומיננטיות של הכנסיה שהיה לה מונופול על הידע שרוכז בספרים</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עד אז הספרים שנכתבו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והאגרות שנשלחו היו מוגבלים לאנשים שידעו קרוא וכתוב והייתה להם גישה לספרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלו היו מגבלות רציניות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במשך הרבה שנים רק אנשים מעטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדרך כלל מהשכבה השלטת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היו בעלי ידע של כתיבה וקריאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעלי אפשרות גישה לספרים ובעלי יכולת לרכוש את הספרים היקרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></div><span><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המצאת הדפוס הוזילה מאד את הספרים ואיפשרה הפצתם בעותקים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה שלא היה אפשרי כאשר כתבו כל ספר ביד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המצאה זו יחד עם הרחבת מעגל האנשים שידעו קרוא וכתוב שידרגה עד מאד את מספר האנשים שתרמו לחברה ולכן את היכולת של האנושות לצבור ידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדפוס השפיע לא רק על הידע האנושי אלא גם על גיבוש החברה הן על ידי תפוצה גדולה יותר של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ספרי קודש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המשדרגים הן את הנרטיב של התרבות והן על ידי אחידות של השפה עצמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></div></span><span><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לפני הדפוס היה כמעט לכל אזור גיאוגרפי ניב ייחודי משלו שהיה לפעמים כל כך שונה שלא איפשר הבנה הדדית</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדפסת ספרים בשפה מסוימת לעומת אחרת הביאה לשימוש רב יותר באותה השפה</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והשפות המשניות זכו לפחות ופחות שימוש</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך החלו תושבי אזורים מרוחקים לקרוא בשפת המרכז</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ובהדרגה החלו לדבר בה</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הצרפתית למשל התפתחה בעיקר מהניב שהיה מקובל באזור פריס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></div></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>התחבורה</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שכלול כלי התחבורה ביבשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בים ובאויר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איפשרו פגישות אנשים שגרים במקומות רחוקים לשם החלפת דעות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם השייך לקבוצה תרבותית והיגר למדינה אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכול היה להיפגש עם אנשים מקומיים ולחבור איתם לקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אין מדינה שרחוקה ממדינה אחרת מרחק שאי אפשר לכסות אותו בטיסה של יום אחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></div></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: 400; text-align: right;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>התקשורת הקוית</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנושות המציאה תחילה את את הטלגרף אחר את הטלפון הקוי שאיפשרו שיחה בין אנשים הנמצאים רחוק אחד מהשני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך אנשים יכלו להחליף דעות גם אם לא היה באפשרותם להשתמש בתחבורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><span><div style="color: maroon; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;"><br /></div></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>התקשורת האלחוטית</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התקשורת האלחוטית שהייתה בתחילה רק בדמות של מכשירי קשר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התפתחה מאוחר יותר לתקשורת המונים עם המצאת הרדיו ואחר כך המצאת הטלביזיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תקשורת זו איפשרה העברת מידע מנקודות מרכזיות לקהל רחב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היא גם עזרה לגיבוש תרבות משותפת לקהל רחב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הקמת ערוצי בידור וחדשות שהשפיעו לא מעט על התרבות האנושית ועל היכולת של קבוצה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לגייס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים לאותה קבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: maroon; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>האינטרנט</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בהמצאת האינטרנט ומכירת מחשבים זולים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שכמעט כל אדם יכול להרשות אותם לעצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנו עדים לשדרוג מדרגה נוספת בצבירת ידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לא פחות חשוב מריכוז הידע האנושי הוא הקלות בה אנשים יכולים לשלוף את הידע הנחוץ להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חשובה גם היכולת לתקשר בין אנשים בלי קשר למקום המצאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שכלול מערכות תרגום אוטומטיות ברשת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאפשר גם לשבירת מחיצות השפה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הרשתות החברתיות הוסיפו יכולת התגבשות אנשים סביב רעיון ויכולה לגבש קבוצות חברתיות מסוג חדש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קבוצות שאינן מוגבלות במדינה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך כן מוגבלת בתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היכולות של האינטרנט יחד עם הרשתות החברתיות ממשיכות עדיין להתפתח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זו הייתה עליית מדרגה נוספת ביכולת התקשורת ובהשפעתה על אופי החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><h3 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>הטלפון האלחוטי החכם</b></span></span></span></span></span></h3><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המצאת הטלפונים החכמים מאפשרת לכל אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ללא קשר במקום המצאו ובכל זמן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קשר עם אנשים אחרים וגישה לתקשורת ההמונים ולאינטרנט בדיוק כמו שאפשר מהמחשב הקשור לרשת האינטרנט דרך קוים שבביתו או במשרד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התקשורת צמודה אל האיש ולא למקום מהווה דרגה נוספת בשיפור התקשורת בין אנשים ותרבויות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטלפון החכם מגביר עוד יותר את היכולת לגבש חברות מסוג שונה שאינן מוגבלות במדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטלפון שכולל גם מצלמה המשולבת עם רשתות חברתיות ומקלט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">GPS, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעלה את הגיבוש של החברה בכך שהוא פולש לפרטיות והופך אותה לנחלת הכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטלפון מגלה לאחרים היכן האדם ומה הוא עושה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></div></span><span><div style="color: #333333; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: right;"><br /></div></span><p></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>כל אמצעי התקשורת האלו בין בני האדם הגדילו מאד אפקטיבית את מספר האנשים המשתתפים בקידום החברה לכן היא הגורם המעצים את גודל החברה ואת חוזקה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במאות האחרונות התקשורת פותחה בעיקר בחברה המערבית מה שהקפיץ את תרבות המערב והיה אחד הגורמים לחיזוק האימפריה המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>. </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בשנים האחרונות יש במערב מגמה לכיוון של שימוש בתקשורת לצרכים קטנוניים של רכילות ומשחקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יותר מאשר להאדרת ידע וקידום החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מגמה שצריכה להדאיג את מי שחשובה לו התרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">מנהיגות</span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר דורש מנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מישהו שאפשר להתלכד סביבו בדיוק כמו שטיפות גשם דורשת חלקיק אבק כדי להתחיל את התהליך של עיבוי סביבו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדי הענן בתנאי טמפרטורה ורוויה יוצרים טיפות גשם מסביב לאבק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך גם בתנאים הנכונים נוצר עדר מסביב למנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המנהיג לא חייב להיות בעל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תכונות מנהיגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לפעמים הוא שם במקרה או מתוך ירושה משפחתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך הוא חייב להצטייר כבעל תכונות שמייחדות אותו מההמון </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תדמית של כריזמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עצם המיקום שלו בעמדת מנהיגות מביא איתו יחס מועדף בדרגות שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדרגה הגבוהה ביותר היא אהבה שמביאה לפעמים אפילו להקרבת החיים עבורו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחר כך ברמות אמפטיה יורדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הערצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כבוד והזדהות חברית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלו שנמצאים מחוץ למעגל החברתי שהמנהיג עומד בראשו יש את כל המנעד ההפוך של שנאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בוז וכו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היטלר הוא דוגמה של אדם שלא היה אפשר לחזות אותו כמנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא היה פשוט אדם שנקלע במקרה למקום הנכון בזמן הנכון והפך לאותו גרגר אבק המלכד סביבו את טיפות הגשם שהפכו לברד שהיכה בעולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא לא סיים תיכון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נדחה מאקדמיה לציור בשל חוסר כישרון ובעצם היה כישלון מובהק בחייו הצעירים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא לא היה נואם גדול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היה לו קול צווחני מלא רוק ונאומיו היו בעצם סיסמאות שהוא צעק אל מול הקהל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איך הוא הצליח להלהיב אומה שלמה שנחשבה לאומה התרבותית ביותר באירופה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היטלר גם לא נראה מאד סמכותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא היה נמוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">די מכוער</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בוודאי לפי הסטנדרטים של הארי הטהור הבלונדיני בעל עיני תכלת שהוא עצמו קידם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איך אדם כזה היה נערץ על העם הגרמני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איך הוא הצליח לקבל מעמד של מנהיגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התשובה לכך היא שהוא היה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>במקום ובזמן הנכונים </b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וקיבל במקרה את התפקיד לייצג רעיונות שאמורים היו לפתור את המצוקה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא בא בזמן של שפל כלכלי ודיכאון מההשפלה לאחר מלחמת העולם הראשונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בנוסף הוא בלט במה שמשותף לרוב המנהיגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קיצוניות חסרת חמלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא ביטא את מה שחסר לעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גאווה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וכוח מאחד שיבריא את הכלכלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במצב של משבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העם מחפש מנהיג חזק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דיקטטור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנהיג שלא מתחשב בדקויות מורכבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלא מחליט ללא היסוס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפילו אם זאת לפעמים מתוך בורות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנהיגים רבים השתמשו בכוחם לרעה לאחר שעלו למנהיגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הם ניצלו את הצורך הגדול במנהיג לשם טובתם האישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם כאשר מנהיגים משתמשים בכוחם לרעת הכבשים שבעדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדיין העדר נושא עיניים אליהם כמי שישמור עליהם מעדרים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תהליך זה מעצים כאשר המנהיג גורם למלחמה עם אוייב חיצוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסכנה מגבשת את העם מאחורי המנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם אם הוא גרוע בנושאים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">חשוב להבין תכונה זו כדי להבין את התנהגות האדם האחר המעריץ את המנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">במידה מסוימת אפשר לראות את האלוהים בתפקיד המנהיג המגבש סביבו את המאמינים ומכאן להסיק על התנהגות המאמינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">האמונה</span></h2><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRR_hk6eA5V0vlcLOPti2bsmkV2fWQIP_Dral55ebgJY86HBUQpdnKNWbWY6lxUDJ-WlJVcMfGgDvn9_52ezlExATZ9egCAep9xKtO5bKdm4TVWUvnlLsJjiO6QFe5HqnSiMnslH51DyJhe_LgAO6CGcrC_Cp37gQI9JQQ58sRDbxzlklOMxJ-U7xC/s320/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="232" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRR_hk6eA5V0vlcLOPti2bsmkV2fWQIP_Dral55ebgJY86HBUQpdnKNWbWY6lxUDJ-WlJVcMfGgDvn9_52ezlExATZ9egCAep9xKtO5bKdm4TVWUvnlLsJjiO6QFe5HqnSiMnslH51DyJhe_LgAO6CGcrC_Cp37gQI9JQQ58sRDbxzlklOMxJ-U7xC/s1600/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "David CLM";"><br /></span></span></b></div><h3 style="text-align: right;"><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במשך רוב שנות ההיסטוריה האנושית הידועה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התרבות היחידה שייחדה כל חברה הייתה הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם היום חלק גדול מהאנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפילו אנשים החושבים עצמם לחילונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאמינים באלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האמונה היא כל כך משמעותית וחשובה לאנשים אלו כך ש</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אי אפשר להבין אותם ללא הבנה של מהי האמונה ועד כמה היא משפיעה על האדם</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">חשוב לזכור את שנאמר בקטע הקודם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">אנשים מאמינים לכל מיני דברים ולכן המחקרים האלו נכונים לכולם ולא רק לדתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במרכז האמונה הדתית ישנו האל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או האלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמשמשים גם כמנהיג המגבש סביבו את החברה וגם כשוט מדרבן שאי אפשר להתנגד לו כדי להתנהג לפי כללי התרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">).</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מהו המקור של אמונות דתיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדויות ארכיאולוגיות בנות עשרות אלפי שנים מלמדות על טקסים ופולחנים דתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ארכיאולוגים מצאו בגרמניה את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ונוס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">", </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פסל אישה חסרת ראש בן </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">35,000 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שסימל כנראה אלת רבייה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעניין לציין שלפני כ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">70,000 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שנה בערך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התחילו אבותינו הקדמונים ליצור אמנות בעיקר כדי לערוך טקסים ופולחנים דתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השאלה ששואלים אנתרופולוגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פסיכולוגים וחוקרי מוח היא מה הצורך הגדול שיש לאנשים באמונה באלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהרי לאמונה בישות אלוהית בלתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נראית בעלת כוחות על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טבעיים אין יתרון אבולוציוני מבחינת הישרדות ורבייה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ההסבר הרווח כיום מבוסס על המודל הקוגניטיבי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמונה דתית היא תוצר של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנפש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">mind</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לנושא זה אין חשיבות אם הנפש קיימת בניפרד מגוף האדם או שהיא תוצר של פעולות כימיות במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התוצאה חשובה ולא המנגנון המחולל אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האמונה בישות אלוהית על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טבעית היא תוצר של האנשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כלומר הנטייה הטבעית שלנו לייחס מחשבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כוונות ורגשות לחפצים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">צמחים ובעלי חיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והנטייה הטבעית שלנו לייחס לארועים מקריים או תופעות טבע </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ישות מחוללת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לדוגמא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם בשעת לילה מאוחרת אנחנו שומעים רעש אנחנו מייד שואלים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי שם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה קורה שם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">").</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדאי לפרט כמה מחקרים שנעשו על מהות הדת והשפעתה על האדם הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סריקות מוח מלמדות כי אמונות דתיות מפעילות רשתות עצביות המתווכות תקשורת חברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רגשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העלאה בדמיון וזיכרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במוח האנושי אלוהים נתפס כמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שיש לעמוד על מחשבותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כוונותיו ורגשותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מחקרים רבים מלמדים שילדים עד גיל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">12 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נוטים להעדיף הסברים של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תכנון תבוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" - </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מישהו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">agent</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שפעולותיו מסבירות כל תופעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המוח האנושי מנסה תמיד להכניס סדר בתופעות ולכן כאשר אין לו הסבר לתופעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא מייחס זאת לאלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תיאורית הנפש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" (Theory of Mind) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התפתחה במוח האדם רשת עצבית שתפקידה לאפשר לנו להבין את מחשבותיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רגשותיו וכוונותיו של אדם אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לנבא את התנהגותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולחוש אמפתיה כלפיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למיומנויות חברתיות אלה היה יתרון אבולוציוני עצום כי החיים בקבוצות חברתיות שיתופיות הגדילו משמעותית את סיכויי ההישרדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמונה דתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המלווה בכללי עשה ואל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תעשה וטקסים שונים במהלך החיים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נישואין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מוות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היתה הדבק החברתי שליכד את חברי הקבוצה ועל פיה נקבע מי חבר ומי אוייב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי שייך ומי לא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה שמקל מאד על ההתחברות של אנשים לקבוצות גדולות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ר ג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ורדן גרפמן ערך </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">מחקר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> בו סרק את מוחם של </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">40 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נבדקים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(20 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דתיים ו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-20 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חילוניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בזמן שהוצגו בפניהם טענות דתיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הלקוחות משלוש קטגוריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><ul style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;"><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רמת מעורבותו של האלוהים בעולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אהבה וזעם אלוהיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></li><li><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וידע המבוסס על דוקטרינות דתיות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לדוגמא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או על ניסיון אישי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לדוגמא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תפילות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">).</span></span></span></span></span></p></li></ul><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנבדקים התבקשו לדווח האם הם מסכימים או לא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מסכימים עם טענות כגון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש אלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים רחום וחנון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים מעניש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים מנחה אותי בדרך הישר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים זועם על אנשים שחוטאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השטן קיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחרי המוות החוטאים יגיעו לגיהינום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש תחיית מתים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדת מעניקה משמעות לחיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">", "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים לא מתעניין בחיי האישיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">".</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גרפמן ועמיתיו לא מצאו את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אזור האלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אבל הצליחו למפות שלוש רשתות עצביות המתאימות לשלושת ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מימדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">של אמונה דתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טענות על רמת מעורבות האל בעולם הביאו לעלייה בפעילות באזורי רשת ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">Theory of Mind </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמתווכים הבנת כוונות ופעולות של אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעיקר ב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">inferior frontal gyrus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טענות על רגשות אלוהיים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זעם או אהבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הביאו לעלייה בפעילות באזורים המתווכים הבנת רגשות של אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ביניהם ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">middle frontal gyrus </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">middle temporal gyrus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טענות על ידע דתי הביאו לעלייה בפעילות העצבית באזורים המתווכים העלאה בדמיון וזיכרון אפיזודי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ביניהם ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">fusiform gyrus </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">precuneus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעניין לציין שבמוחם של הנבדקים הדתיים והנבדקים החילוניים נמצאה פעילות עצבית דומה בשלושת הרשתות הנ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גרפמן טען אז שבין אם אלוהים קיים ובין אם לאו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמונות דתיות קיימות וניתן לחקור את הבסיס העצבי שלהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וכי מחקרו מאשש שבמוח האדם אלוהים נתפס כמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעל כוונות ורגשות שאיתו אתה מנהל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מערכת יחסים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">".</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ר גרפמן פרסם ספר נוסף בו השתמש בשיטת ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- Granger Causality</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לניתוח הקישוריות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(connectivity) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בשלושת הרשתות העצביות המתווכות אמונה דתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הממצאים העיקריים מלמדים שבהמיספרה הימנית ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-inferior frontal gyrus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הצומת המרכזי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ברשת העצבית של ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-Theory of Mind</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וכי אזור זה מווסת את הפעילות ב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- precuneus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- dorsolateral PFC, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמעבדים מידע על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העצמי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לעומת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">".</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במוחם של הנבדקים הדתיים נמצא המסלול בין ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- inferior frontal gyrus</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והאזורים האחרים בשתי ההמיספרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולא רק במחצית הימנית של המוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המחברים טוענים שהבדל זה עשוי להסביר את הייצוג האנתרופומורפי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דמוי אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">של האל במוחם של הדתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המסלול העצבי בקליפת המוח הויזואלית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בין ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-calcarine</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-middle temporal gyrus) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמתווך העלאה בדמיון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היה פעיל יותר במוחם של החילונים בהשוואה לדתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולטענת המחברים מייצג את הקושי של הלא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דתיים לייחס כוונות לישות על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טבעית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">גרפמן ועמיתיו טענו שהרשתות העצביות הבסיסיות שמאפשרות הבנת אנשים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">עיבוד רגשי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">ושמירת ידע בזיכרון מגויסות לעיבוד קוגניטיבי של אמונות דתיות משלושה אספקטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האם ישות על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">טבעית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">אלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">מעורבת ומה כוונותיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האם צריך לחשוש מישות על טבעית זו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כיצד אמונה זו מתיישבת עם ידע קודם וניסיון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תוצאות המחקר לא מפתיעות שהרי איש לא ציפה למצוא את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אזור הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעניין לציין שבמחקרים בהם נבדקים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ליברלים או שמרנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שופטים טענות פוליטיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אותן רשתות נדלקות במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זו דוגמה של מחקר מדעי שנעשה בנושא שהיה עד לאחרונה נחלתם של הלוגי דעות פילוסופים ותאולוגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המחקרים הראו שבהשוואה לחילונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים מאמינים הם בריאים יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמחים יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חיים חיים ארוכים יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ותורמים יותר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זמן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כסף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואפילו דם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">!) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לנזקקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רבות נכתב על האנתרופולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפסיכולוגיה והאבולוציה של הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שני הנושאים העיקריים שמעניינים את החוקרים הם מוסריות מחד וטקסים מאידך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהרי לכל הדתות מצוות עשה ואל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תעשה ופולחנים אופייניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עם פיתוח שיטות הדימות התפקודית המוחית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מוח האדם ממופה באינטנסיביות מכל זוית אפשרית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך בניגוד לנושאים פופולריים כגון רגשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זיכרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וקבלת החלטות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הבסיס העצבי של אמונה דתית טרם נחקר לעומק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מן הסתם בשל הקושי בהשגת מימון בעידן התקינות הפוליטית השורר בארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ב ובאירופה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">).</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עם זאת נעשו כמה מחקרים בנושא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במחקר שנערך במונטריאול </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קנדה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נסרק מוחן של נזירות כרמליטיות בזמן חוויה מיסטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שבמהלכה חשו שהן מתאחדות עם אלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חמש עשרה נזירות בגילאים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">23 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">64 </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השתתפו במחקר בו התבקשו לדמיין בעיניים עצומות את החוויה הדתית החזקה ביותר שחשו במנזר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קרי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">איחוד עם הבורא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בניסוי הביקורת דמיינו הנזירות איחוד מרגש שחוו עם בן תמותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החוויה המיסטית הדתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כפי שאפשר לנחש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גרמה לעליה בפעילות העצבית ברשת נרחבת של אזורים במוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שכללה את הקורטקס הויזואלי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מראות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינסולה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רגשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וקליפת המוח האורביטופרונטלית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תגמול ועונג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוויה דתית מיסטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינה שונה מהותית מחוויה רגשית מענגת אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במחקר שנערך בארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ב בו נסרק מוחם של חולי סכיזופרניה שדיווחו כי הם מופעלים על</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ידי כוחות חיצוניים דהיינו אלוהים משוחח איתם ואומר להם מה לעשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בהשוואה לנבדקים הבריאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסתבר כי בחולים בעלי ההזיות ה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דתיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נמצאה עליה משמעותית בפעילות העצבית באונה הפריאטלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כלומר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הם באמת מאמינים שיד אלוהים בדבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">...</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כפי שראינו החוקרים מתרכזים במפוי אזורי המוח המשתתפים בחוויה הדתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה שעדיין לא נחקר מדעית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא סיבת הצורך של אדם באמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכל אדם יש אמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם דתי מאמין באלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם חילוני מאמין במוסר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שזה בערך אותו דבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו תופעות רבות של התנהגות אנושית היא צורך טיבעי של האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הבנת הצורך והחוזק של האמונה חשובה להבנה של הצורה בה אדם מרגיש ומתנהג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן חשוב להבין את הסיבות לאמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במקום שאין מחקר מדעי אפשר להציג תאוריה אישית שמחקרים עתידיים יכולים להתייחס אליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עד שייעשו מחקרים כאלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אתה הקורא יכול לבחון אותה בהתייחס לנסיונך האישי ולהשקפת עולמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני לא חושב שיש אלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בוודאי לא אלוהים מגוחך כמו שהדתיים מאמינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלוהים התלוי בפולחני האנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ועוקב אחר כל אדם לראות אם הוא עובד אותו בכל פרטי הפולחן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לדעתי אלוהים הומצא כיוון שיש צורך לאנשים כפרטים וכקהילה בטקסים המאחדים אותם ונותנים לכל פרט בקהילה נחמה ותמיכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ודעתי זו נתמכת על ידי המחקר שצוטט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם אנשים חילוניים שאינם מאמינים באלוהים מוצאים לעצמם מיני טקסים ואפילו אמונות כי זה צורך הטבוע בנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדוגמה לכך הן </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האמונות הטפלות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנפוצות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הקמעות ועוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האמונה באל שימשה לשליטים כמקור כוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנתינים יבצעו ללא שאלות את הרצונות של האל הכל יכול הן מפחד העונש שהוא יכול להטיל עליהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והן כדי לקבל פרס גן עדן לאחר מותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השליטים מינו עצמם כמתווכים בין העם לאל ולכן רצונם הוא רצון האל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקי הדת חזקים מכל חוק מדינה כי האל משגיח כמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האח הגדול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לא רק על מה שכל אחד עושה אלא אפילו על מה שהוא חושב ומרגיש בעמקי גולגלתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעניין לציין איך משה שהנהיג את עם ישראל ונתן לו את התורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדת היהודית שימשה למשה לאחד את העם וליחד אותו מכל האומות שמסביב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">משה העביר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בשם האל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">את כללי התנהגות ויצר תרבות שתגבש את העם שזה עתה יצא מעבדות ארוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחכמה רבה הוא הציב כסמכות עליונה בלתי ניתנת לערעור או להחלפה על ידי סמכות אחרת – את אלוהים כל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכול ובלתי נראה שלא ניתן להביס אותו כי אין לו ייצוג ממשי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נראה שהייתה למשה המנהיג הבנה עמוקה במהות תודעה האדם כפרט וכאומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למוחמד הייתה משימה דומה למשימה של משה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאחד את שבטי ערב לעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם הוא כמשה הבין תודעת האדם והחברה באופן אינטואיטיבי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא לקח את הדתות שקדמו לו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היהדות והנצרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והתאים אותן לצרכיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן איני שייך לאלו המזלזלים באמונה דתית מתוך רגשי עליונות של אדם רציונלי על אדם דתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הן לאדם הבודד והן לחברה כגוף יש צורך באמונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן אסור לפגוע בדת שהיא גורם עיקרי המאחד ומלכד את העם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עם זאת בעולם המערבי המודרני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חייבים לעדכן את פולחני הדת כך שגם אנשים המגדירים עצמם כחילונים יוכלו לחיות עם פולחנים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רוב העם בישראל מוכן לפולחנים מסוימים הנקראים מסורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדי לשנות פולחנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חייבים מנהיג דתי נאור בעל סמכות לעדכן את פולחני הדת כמו שעשו מנהיגים יהודים דתיים בעבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר למנות את הנביאים כמתקנים בעבר הרחוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חכמי המשנה והתלמוד בעבר הקרוב יותר ורבנים בזמן שהעם היה בגולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עצם שרידות המסורת בסביבה של כפר גלובלי השוטף את המוח בפולחנים משלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מראה שיש לאנשים כפרטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולציבור היהודי בישראל כחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינטואיציה נכונה של מה צריך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדתיים הקיצוניים בישראל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החרדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הולכים ומקצינים בגלל חולשת המנהיגים שעושים לעצמם עבודה קלה ע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">י החמרות ואיסורים – תמיד בטוח יותר להחמיר ולא לקחת אחריות ולהקל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדת הופכת להיות יותר ויותר עבודת אלילים בניגוד לרוח היהדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מגמה זו מרחיקה את רוב העם מהיהדות כפי שמתבטאת אצל החרדים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדרך בה מתפלל היהודי הדתי האדוק היא דוגמא לעיוות המושג של תפילה כבקשה זכה מאלוהים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התפילה של היהודי הדתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם זו תפילה ביחידות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או תפילה בכינוס הקבוע של בית הכנסת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינה אלא קריאת טקסט פיוטי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המתפלל לא מתעמק בטקסט של התפילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדרך כלל הוא גומע בריצה מטורפת את הטקסט עד תומו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדי שיוכל להתפנות לעיסוקים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ערך תפילה כזו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ממוקם בין ערך כינוס חברתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבין פולחן חסר משמעות שעושים מפחד גיהינום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או סתם מתוך הרגל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הגורו הוא האלוהים של חלק מהליברלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גורו נחשב לאדם חכם שהשיג </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ועלינו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האנשים הפשוטים ללמוד ממנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הגורו הטיפוסי הוא אדם הודי בעל זקן מרשים שהתבודד שנים רבות במנזר ללא קשר עם אנשים או כל מקור אינפורמציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה הסיכוי שאדם נבער כזה יגיע לפתרון מהות היקום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נכון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש סכנה של הקפאת חופש המחשבה בלימוד פורמלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך אפילו לימוד פורמלי עדיף על הסקת מסקנות ללא לימוד בכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים רבים מתגברים על החיסרון הזה ומצליחים לפתח מחשבה עצמאית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים אלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדרך כלל החריגים של מערכת החינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הם אלו המצוידים טוב מאחרים ובודאי טוב מהגורו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבסס מסקנות על בסיס ידע מצטבר של האנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנושא היחיד שהגורו יכול לחקור בשנות בדידותו הוא תודעת האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כלומר את עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אין לזלזל בזאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר להגיע להשגים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פרויד עשה זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">! </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך גם כאן יש למתבודד רק את עצמו לחקור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וזה פחות ממה שהיה לפרויד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הגורו ניחן בדרך כלל ביכולת שכנוע ושיווק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחרת איך יאסוף מאמינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מה מושך מאמינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שרבים מהם אינטליגנטים ואפילו בעלי ידע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">להסתופף בקרבת הגורו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או בישראל לשתות בצמא את דברי הרב הכוכב התורן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בראש ובראשונה כמיהה להטיל את האחריות על סמכות עליונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך יש בה במידה מסוימת משיכה למסתורין</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חילונים צעירים רבים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מחפשים את עצמם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שזה בדרך כלל בטוי לחיפוש משהו להאמין בו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המדע עדיין לא נותן תשובות מספקות להרבה תופעות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אולי אפילו לא יהיו תשובות מספקות לעולם בגלל מגבלות המוח האנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך מאד יתכן שבעתיד ימצאו פתרונות לחלק מהחידות שעדיין קיימות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המדע עשה דרך לא מבוטלת במאתיים השנים האחרונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכולות המדע וכמות הגלויים שלו צוברת תאוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך שיש תקוה שנדע הרבה יותר עוד בימי חיינו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם כך למה ללכת וללמוד מגורו או רב נבער הממלמל תפילות ומדבר בצורה סתומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטענה שדברי הגורו מתאימים לתאוריות החדשות ביותר של הפיזיקה המודרנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מגוחכת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עוד מימי האורקל מדלפי הוכח שאפשר להבין כל מה שרוצים מתוך משפטים מעורפלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מוח האדם מומחה בלרמות את עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך שאפשר להבין מה שרוצים אפילו מתוך משפטים ברורים לכאורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעניין מה יגידו אותם מאמינים כאשר יתברר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו שמתברר לעתים תכופות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהתאוריות העכשויות של הפיזיקה אינן נכונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כל מי שיודע מעט על תאוריות אלו מבין שהן עדיין בתהליכי חקירה ומדי מספר שנים התאוריות משתנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בודאי ימצאו שהגורו התכוון בעצם לתאוריות החדשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך בא נשאל עצמנו למה כל כך חשוב לנו להגיע להארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעבר לכל המסתורין של תורות הגורו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והשכנוע העצמי שוכחים לפעמים לראות מה שאנו כבר יודעים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולהנות ממה שיש בעולמנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למה להסתגף בתקוה להגיע לנירוונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למסוממים יש דרך קיצור אליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">).</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החיים כל כך יפים ומעניינים כפי שהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולא מזיק שאין אנו יודעים הכל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לפעמים בריצה אחר מציאת השלמות בעתיד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נשכח לחיות את ההווה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 0.64cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h3><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות</span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחת לשנה מופיעה שחקנית תיאטרון ותיקה בטלביזיה ומתלוננת בלשון גסה על המדינה שלדעתה משקיעה פחות מידי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדידה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו להרבה מובילי דעת קהל במערב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות משמעה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תיאטרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אותי מקוממת ההכרזה על מופעי תיאטרון כ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיני אלו מופעי בידור שאינם שונים מקונצרט רוק או משחק כדור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רגל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל אלו הם לכל היותר חלק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קטן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהמכלול הגדול שנקרא תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש הגדרות רבות למושג </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחת ההגדרות אומרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות היא מכלול הערכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האמנות ותפיסות העולם כפי שהן באות לידי ביטוי בהתנהגותם של בני האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגדרה אופיינית אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מערכת ערכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רעיונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דפוסי התנהגות המשותפים לכל בני חברה מסוימת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומועברים בתהליך של למידה חברתית לדור הבא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם המכבד את זולתו הוא בעיני אדם תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם אם אינו מבקר בתיאטרון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השחקנית לעומת זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינה מתנהגת בצורה תרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם היא מרשה לעצמה לגדף את כל מי שאינו חושב כמוה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האבולוציה פיתחה את האדם לא רק כיצור בודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלא כחלק מחברה שמאפשרת לממש הישגים שאדם בודד לא יכול היה להשיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חיים בחברה מתאפשרים רק כאשר הפרטים בתוכה מוותרים על יתרונות אישיים מול הפרטים האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להתמודד טוב יותר ביחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מכאן ההגדרה שלי לתרבות שהיא בתמצית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כללי ההתנהגות של הפרט בתוך החברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגדרה זו כוללת כללי התנהגות בין אדם לחברו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וכללי התנהגות אדם בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל המאפיינים האחרים של תרבות – כמו מסורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אומנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לבוש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מנהגים וכו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נכללים בכללי ההתנהגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מכאן גם התפתחו ערכים שכולם עוסקים בהיבט זה או אחר של חיי אדם בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לחברות שונות תרבות שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ממש כמו שלאנשים שונים אופי שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם שנולד וחי בחברה מסוימת מסגל את אורח המחשבה וההתנהגות של התרבות שלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בהגדרה זו של תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תמצית ההבדל בין תרבויות היא ההבדל באיזון בין מה שהפרט מקבל מהחברה לבין מה שהוא חייב לתרום לה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות הטובה בעיני היא זו המגדירה כללי התנהגות המאפשרים שגשוג החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כללים שיאפשרו לבנות חברה יציבה ומתפתחת בה טוב יהיה לאדם לחיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעיני האנשים תרבותיים מתנהגים לפי הקוד התרבותי שלהם גם אם אין להם רווח אישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וגם אם אין הם חוששים מעונש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדעתי הכלל החשוב ביותר בתרבות חייב להיות חירות מחשבתית המשחרר את האדם מעריצות גורמים המטים את דעתו לכיוונם בדרך של שטיפת מוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים שאין להם את הכושר למחשבה עצמית רואים בפולחן את חזות הכול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ובנושא זה אין הבדל בין איש דתי ואדם חילוני השטוף בפולחן המותגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היטיב לבטא זאת הנביא ישעיהו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">: " </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם כי תרבו תפילה אינני שומע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ידיכם דמים מלאו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רחצו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הזוכו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסירו רוע מעלליכם מנגד עיני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חדלו הרע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למדו היטב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דרשו משפט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אשרו חמוץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שפטו יתום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ריבו אלמנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">."</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הורים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומחנכים ברחבי העולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רואים בעיניים כלות את הנוער שלהם נוהה אחר פיתויי תרבות המערב הריקנית והנהנתנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וזונחים ערכים החשובים להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות המערב הדורסנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גורמת גם אם לא במכוון לשטיפת מוח באמצעות הטכנולוגיה התקשורתית ובראשה הטלוויזיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פוטנציאל ההשפעה של המגמות האלו בתרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גדל עשרת מונים לעומת יכולת ההשפעה התרבותית בעבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המאפיינים של השפעה זו הם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין הגבלה של גיאוגרפיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולכן קשה לעם בעל תרבות משלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לתחום עצמו מהשפעות כמו שהיה אפשרי בעבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין גם הגבלה של מעמדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעבר רק המעמד העליון זכה לחינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היום כמעט לכל אחד יש גישה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לחינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">של התרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין הגבלת גיל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים בגיל צעיר יותר ויותר נגישים לתקשורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ולכן אי אפשר לתחום את ההשפעה לגיל מבוגר יותר כאשר האדם הטמיע את תרבות עמו ורכש ניסיון ואולי גם מידה של מחשבה עצמאית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שיעניקו לו עמידות מסוימת בפני השפעות זרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השטף הזה של תרבות הטלוויזיונית יכול להיות מאד מקובל על אנשים שתרבותם תרבות המערב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך מביא להתנגשויות עם תרבויות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שטיפת מוח של התרבות המערבית החדשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מסוכנת לכל תרבות אחרת הרבה יותר ממה שהיה אי פעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי להחיל את תרבותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המערב לא חייב לכבוש טרטוריה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לחנך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אצילים וילדים כמו בעבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מספיק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכבוש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">את האוויר בשידורי תקשורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עליית האסלאם הקיצוני היא במידה רבה ריאקציה לתופעה זו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתרבות המערבית יש מגמה חזקה של ליברליזם קיצוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הנוטה להיטיב את זכויות הפרט על חשבון תרומתו לכלל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למעשה הליברליזם מפורר את המרקם הלאומי והסולידאריות החברתית עד כדי סכנה של קריסה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות המוסלמית מקצינה לכיוון ההפוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">של דיכוי כל חרות ושגשוג של הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי לכונן חליפות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האומא המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בה שולטים חוקי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השריעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקי הדת המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בכל העולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המוסלמים מחלקים את העולם לשני חלקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דאר אל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אסלאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בלשונם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בית האסלאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חליפות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אומא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בה שולטים המוסלמים לפי חוקי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השריעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דאר אל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">-</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חרב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בלשונם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בית המלחמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל השטח שעדיין לא נכבש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני רוצה לחיות בתרבות המבוססת על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">עקרונות התרבות היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> כפי שאני מבין אותם</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות שתמציתה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx"><b>איזון בין מתן חירות לאדם הבודד</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="zxx">לבין מגבלות השתלבותו בחברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שגם האדם הבודד וגם החברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ישגשגו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המין האנושי אינו ייחודי בייצירת תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למינים שונים יש תרבות ברמה זו או אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לקופים ולעורבים יש מערכות תרבות בולטות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך גם למינים אחרים יש סממנים של תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם זאת התרבות שהאנושות יצרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">היא הנרחבת והעשירה מבל הידוע בעולם החי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות עשירה זו איפשרה למין האנושי להתארגן בקבוצות הגדולות בהרבה סדרי גודל מהיכולת הפיזית שהתפתחה במהלך האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות נוצרת בעקבות אבולוציה חברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בבסיס התרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והאבולוציה החברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ישנו אותו מנגנון עלום של סנכרון בני האדם זה לזה ושל מערך אמפטיה לאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ללא מנגנוני הסנכרון והאמפטיה אי אפשר לתאר רבות מהפעילויות הרצוניות והבלתי רצוניות של האנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל נגנים לא היו יכולים לנגן בתיאום כזה בתזמורת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המנגנונים האלו גורם לאנשים להרגיש הזדהות עם חבריהם לתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לעתים ההזדהות כל כך חזקה שהם מוכנים להרוג ולהרג למען שלמות הקהילה התרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות משפיעה על האדם בכל רמות פעולות מוחו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קיימת מעורבות של החברה בדרך בה אדם מרגיש ומגיב בכל הרמות המעורבות בתגובה של אדם למציאות כפי שהוסברו בפרק השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">עלינו לקחת בחשבון הטיה זו של תרבות בראיית המציאות כדי להבין איך האחר רואה אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברמה הראשונה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ראיית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות מטשטשת ומטה עובדות שקרו במציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שיתאימו לתרבות המשותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עובדה זו מצטרפת לסיבות האחרות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגורמות לאדם מתרבות אחרת לראות באופן שונה את המציאות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברמה השנייה של הבנת המציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צריך לקחת בחשבון את הבניה של סטראוטיפים שונים בכל תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם הסטראוטיפים של אנשים מתרבות שונה אחרים משלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיבוד הנתונים הנעשה במוחו של האחר שונה ויש לקחת גם זאת בשקלול המאפשר לנו להבין את האחר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברמה השלישית של המודעות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דירוג הערכים שונה בצורה קיצונית בכל תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך שגם ברמה העליונה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים לקחת זאת בחשבון כדי להבין איך אדם מתרבות שונה יגיב</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">חשיבות התרבות</span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">להבנה מהי תרבות ומה היא כוללת יש חשיבות רבה בהקשר להבנה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">התרבות היא הדבר המשפיע ביותר על הדרך בה אנו חושבים ומגיבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">לכן חייבים לחקור בצורה מפורטת את כל הקשור לתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההנחה הראשונית היא שהאדם האנושי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו גם מינים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התפתח באבולוציה הן כפרט המשתכלל – </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבולוציה של המינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והן כחלק המתאים יותר ויותר לחברה אנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברה אנושית משתכללת – </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבולוציה חברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבולוציה של המינים אחראית למבנה המשוכלל של גוף האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבולוציה חברתית אחראית להתפתחות החברה האנושית שהביאה להישגים כבירים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות חיונית לחיים במסגרת חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות מאפשרת לבני האדם לחיות ביחד תוך ויתור מסוים של חירויות הפרט תמורת קבלת היתרונות בחיים במסגרת חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בחברות העתיקות תרבות הייתה מזוהה עם דת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך התרבות היהודית הייתה הדת היהודית וכללי התרבות נוסחו לראשונה על ידי עשרת הדברות שבמרכז הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מסביב לכללי התנהגות תרבותית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או אפשר לומר ציווים דתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מתפתחת חברה עם היסטוריה אומנות ועוד סממנים המזוהים היום עם תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הפרט מתנהג לפי נטיותיו החיתיות שהוגדרו באבולוציה של המינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המרוסנות על ידי התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הריסון התרבותי אצל הפרט נקרא בשמות שונים כמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוסר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מצפון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הגינות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יושר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או פשוט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לפעמים יש קונפליקט בין צוויי הנטיות החיתיות לבין צוויי התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במידה והמוח האנושי מוצא דרך להתעלם מכללי התרבות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או אם תרצו צו מצפוני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על ידי ניתוק ההקשר של המעשה לצו התרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקרה כזה האדם מבצע </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פשע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעשה הפוגע בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדוגמה אפשר לתת למשל שימוש מוגזם בחשבון הוצאות שהמעסיק מאפשר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מעשה כזה אינו מוגדר על ידי העובד כגנבה למרות שהוא יכול לעלות יותר מגניבה כספית ישירה מהמעסיק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הבנת המנגנונים הדואליים האלו הנובעים מאבולוציה של הפרט ואבולוציה חברתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מאפשרת הבנה של התנהגות האנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לחברות שונות יש תרבויות שונות שגם משתנות עם הזמן </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות משקפת את התנהגות החברה כוחברה והאינטראקציה בינה לבין התנהגות הפרט בתוכה ומכאן חשיבות הבנת התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברות דמוקרטיות בדרך כלל מאורגנות כמדינה ולכן אפשר לדבר על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במובן של חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יותר ככל שההזדהות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסולידאריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שלו עם החברה בה הוא חי גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר למצוא את האדם בחברה המוסלמית קיצוניות של הזדהות אדם עם החברה עד כדי ויתור על חייו ובקיצוניות הפוכה אצל אנשי הקצוות בחברה המערבית המשתמטים מכל תרומה לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הראשונים מוחזקים את החברה על חשבון יתרונות אישיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האחרונים מנצלים את החברה ללא תרומה ממשית ומסתכנים בכך שהיא תתפרק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ללא השתייכות לחברה לא יהיו להם את היתרונות הנובעים מוחיים בחברה אנושית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנשים יכולים לקבל למשך זמן מסוים את היתרונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפילו יותר מחלקם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">על חשבון אנשים אחרים התורמים לחברה אך אם יהיו מספיק כאלו בחברה היא עלולה לקרוס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסכנות לחברה אנושית נובעות הן מהתקפות עליהן על ידי חברות מתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">והן מאותם פרטים חסרי סולידאריות חברתית בתוכן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דוגמה טובה לסכנות מבחוץ ומבפנים אנו מוצאים בחברה הישראלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסכנות החיצוניות באות ממדינות שכנות בעלות תרבות מוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ממדינות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ותרבויות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רחוקות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בעלות תרבות שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מוסלמית או ליברלית אנטישמית או אפילו מאזרחים ישראלים בעלי תרבות שונה כמו החרדים והערבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הסכנות הפנימיות נובעות מהתרופפות ההזדהות של אזרחים רבים עם המדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות מאוזנת היא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>תרבות המאפשרת יתרונות מרביים לפרט</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בלי לפגוע בקיום והתפתחות החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המדינות הדמוקרטיות ניסו לממש תרבות מאוזנת כזו אך הן חייבות לעדכן ולתקן חריגות גדולות מהאיזון באופן מתמיד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>בכל מקום בו אנשים אינם מתנהגים בצורה תרבותית חייבים לחוקק חוקים שיסדירו התנהגות כזו</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h4 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"></h4><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></span></h3><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">ההבדל</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">בין</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">תרבות</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">לחוק</span></span></span></span></h3><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות היא משהו רחב יותר מחוקים הנהוגים במדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ועמוק מפולחני דת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם תרבותי יתנהג לפי הקוד התרבותי שלו גם אם אף אחד לא יראה וידע אם הוא לא יתנהג כראוי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם דתי יקרא לכך אמונה בחוקי הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החילוני קורא לכך מוסר אנושי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקים נחקקים במקום שיש יותר מידי אנשים שאינם נוהגים באופן תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במקרה כזה חייבים לאכוף את הקוד התרבותי בכוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחברה בה אנשים לא נוהגים לגנוב אין צורך בחוקים לשמירת הרכוש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר תרבותו של העם היא הדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואנשים מצייתים לחוקיה אם מתוך הרגל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מסורת או שכנוע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואם מתוך פחד מאלוהים כל יכול שעוקב אישית אחרי כל אחד כמו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האח הגדול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שום דבר לא ניסתר ממנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחברה כזו אין צורך במערכת משפטית האוכפת את חוקיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם כי גם בחברה כזו יש חריגים וצריך רב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כומר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או כהן דת אחר ליישר את ההדורים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בתרבות המערבית הדת נחלשה ואת מקומה תפס ערך של עליונות החוק – מדינת חוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בצורה הקיצונית הסגידה לחוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דומה לסגידה דתית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני מכבד את האמונה בעליונות החוק כמו שאני מכבד כל אמונה דתית אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עם זאת אני תוהה למה רמיסת עקרונות מוסריים חשובים שאין חוק המונע זאת בתרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לא מפריעה לאנשים בחתירה העיוורת הזו של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ייקוב הדין את ההר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקים משפטיים מעצם טבעם הם חוקים נוקשים שאינם יכולים להקיף את כל המקרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקים הם תמיד פשרות בין המחוקקים השונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לעיתים החוקים מוטים בשל שחיתות או העדפות של מגזרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר נבחן את העיקרון של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מדינת חוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ללא הרגשות העזים שמביאים איתם המאמינים בעליונות החוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נמצא שיש לעתים מקום לעבור על החוק כדי לשמור על צלם אנוש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדוגמא קיצונית לכך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בגרמניה הנאצית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שומר חוק היה חייב להסגיר כל יהודי נרדף</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מערכת חוקים כזו או אחרת מחויבת מעצם החיים בקבוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם החי לבדו אינו צריך חוקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">רק כאשר הוא נמצא בחברה חייבים להסדיר את היחסים שלו עם האחרים באותה חברה כדי שכולם יחיו ביחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מכאן צריך להבין שהחוקים באים להגן בראש ובראשונה על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>החברה</b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> מפושעים שיפרו את הסדר וההרמוניה הדרושה לחברה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קבוצת אנשים היודעת לחיות ביחד אם בדרך של הערכה הדדית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או אפילו חיים המונחים ממנהגים ומוסר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אינה צריכה מערכת משפטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם זאת חברה מענישה חריגים בדרך כלל על ידי דחיה ובמקרים קיצוניים על ידי חרם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דחיה כזו קיימת לא רק בחברה הדתית קיצונית אלא גם בחברה שמאלנית בה חריג מעיז להעלות דעות ימניות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או בחברה ימנית עם חריג שמאלני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שיש ענישה ללא חוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ויש ענישה במסגרת חוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שניהם יכולים להיות בלתי צודקים או בלתי מוסריים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש מקרים בהם אין לחוק תשובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ויש מקרים שלא צריך למדוד אותם בחליפת חוק צרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוק הוא סך הכל אמצעי להסדיר יחסים בין פרט לפרט ובין הפרט למדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא אינו ערך מוסרי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">!</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בודאי שהוא אינו צו אלוהי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר להעז ולומר אפילו שהוא רחוק משלמות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למעשה אם נזכור שהמחוקקים הם אותם חברי כנסת שכל כך בזים להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נזכור גם שהחוקים נחקקו תוך פשרה בין אינטרסים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שרובם אינם האינטרס של טובת המדינה או טובת הציבור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ניזכור גם מי מיישם אותם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שופטים שכל הכשרתם היא לימוד משפטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הם בני אדם רגילים בעלי דעות אינטלגנציה ודחפים כמו כל אדם אחר שאין להם הכשרה מוסרית ותרבותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אין הם אותם אנשים עליונים שנהוג לראות במי שזכה בדרך זו או אחרת בתפקיד שופט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם המוכשרים מבין השופטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם המוסריים ביותר מהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חייבים לשפוט לפי החוק לפעמים תוך רמיסת הצדק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השופטים בעבר הרחוק ניסו לשפוט לפי הצדק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השופטים של היום מחויבים לשפוט לפי החוק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הרחוק משלמות במונחים של צדק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">).</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לעתים קרובות מידי המשפט נוטה להגן על הנאשמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יותר מאשר על הקורבנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומתעלם כליל מהאינטרס הציבורי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל זאת למרות שמהות החוק היא לשמור על האינטרס הצבורי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">זוכרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוקים קיימים כדי לאפשר לאנשים רבים לחיות ביחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן סדר החשיבות חייב להיות בדיוק הפוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">המערכת המשפטית חייבת בעדיפות ראשונה לשמור על האינטרס הציבורי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחר כך על הקרבן ורק בסוף על הנאשם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוק מחייב את הפרט </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האזרח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למלא את חובותיו למדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ואת המדינה ובעיקר את האזרחים האחרים לשמור על זכויות האזרח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם שגנב מאדם אחר חייב לפצות את הקורבן אך חייב גם להענש כדי להרתיע אחרים מפגיעה בבטחון האזרחים שרכושם לא הפקר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאדם עושה עם המדינה כאשר הוא מקבל אזרחות מחייב אותו לכללי התנהגות שלא יפגעו באזרחים האחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכללי התנהגות אלו קוראים חוקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך האם החוקים צודקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שויוניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או מוסריים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא בהכרח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האם החוקים טובים לכל מקרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בודאי שלא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מפקד כריזמטי אינו צריך להפעיל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">או </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דרגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' (</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהם מבטאים את חוקי הצבא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדי שישמעו לו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מספיק שהכפופים לו חושבים שהוא חכם ויודע את שצריך לעשות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דווקא המפקד הבלתי מוכשר לתפקידו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נאלץ להסתמך על חוקי הצבא והדרגות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך גם בחיים האזרחיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא תמיד חייבים לנופף בחוקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יש אלטרנטיבות רבות שאפשר וצריך להפעיל לפעמים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקום לטחון את האזרח האחר </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">וזה תמיד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כי אתה לא מוכן להישפט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בטחנות המשפט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שכל ישר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חמלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">פשרה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הבנת האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ובעיקר ענוה המכירה שלא כל החוכמה והצדק לצדך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלו חלק מהאלטרנטיבות שיש לשקול</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מקומם במיוחד מנהג הדוגלים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במדינת חוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר הדבר מתאים לדעותיהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך מגנים את החוק שלא מתאים להם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">נתעב בעיני גם הפתגם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דין פרוטה כדין מאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שאינו מכיר בדרגות הפשיעה והעונש המתאים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לדעתי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כמו בכל נושא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חייבים להפעיל מידה ושכל ישר בשמוש בחוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לראות את החוק כקביים התומכים בחברה שאינה מצייתת לתרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקים אכן מצליחים לאפשר לחברה לתפקד כמו שהקביים עוזרות לאדם ששריריו חלשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך כמו שימוש בקביים כך לחוקים יש מספר חסרונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הקביים מורידים את הרצון של האדם להתאמץ ללכת בכוחות עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התוצאה היא שהשרירים מתנוונים עוד יותר במקום להתחזק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">באותה מידה החוקים מורידים את הרצון להתייחסות תרבותית לאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ומדרבנים אנשים למצוא דרכים לעקוף אותם ולהמשיך בדרך בלתי חברותית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אדם מתרגל להשליך את האחריות על החוק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במקום על עצמו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בדיוק כמו שהוא מתרגל להישען על הקביים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חוקים כמו קביים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לא מאפשרים לרוץ קדימה ולשנות להתגמש במקום שצריך בלי לפגוע במהות התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></h3><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14733_615200668"></a><span><span lang="he-IL">החוזק של התרבות</span></span></span></h3><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">החוזק של תרבות יחסית לתרבויות האחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הוא ביחס ישר לעוצמת ההזדהות של הפרטים בתוכה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתרבויות הנוצרית והמוסלמית שהתפצלו מהתרבות היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האלמנט הזה של הזדהות טוטלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הביא למסיונריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הרצון לאלץ בכוח את כל האנושות להשתייך לאותה תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במדינות הנשלטות על ידי תרבות האיסלאם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">האלימות מופנה נגד כל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הכופרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ממש כמו במדינות הנוצריות של ימי הביניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות של אנשים בתרבות היהודית הביאה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למות על קידוש השם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם זאת היהדות דגלה תמיד בחופש המחשבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עשה לך רב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כל אחד יכול לבחור את הרב בעל הדעות המוצאות חן בעיניו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אפשר לראות את התרבות היהודית כתרבות דמוקרטית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יחסית לתרבות הנוצרית ההיררכית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מכאן גם כוחה של התרבות היהודית להתאים עצמה לתנאים המשתנים ולשרוד גם במקום שתרבויות חזקות וגדולות ממנה לא שרדו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך היא נמצאת במשבר הנובע מאי עידכונה לאור השנוי הגדול של עם שחזר למולדתו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מכאן גם היכולת יוצאת הדופן של התרבות היהודית להוציא מתוכה אנשים חריגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שתרמו רבות לאנושות בתחומים רבים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חברות בעלות תרבויות אחרות יותר נוקשות מהתרבות היהודית הדירו חריגים שלא התיישרו לפי חוקיהן ולא איפשרו להם להתפתח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות הנוצרית הנוקשה פינתה מקומה במידה רבה לתרבות המערבית המודרנית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות זו היא שילוב של מוסר יהודי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">עם ערכים של התרבות היוונית העתיקה שנשתמרו על ידי הנצרות שקדמה לתרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">תרבות זו דוגלת אף היא בחופש המחשבה כמו התרבות היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך הסולידריות בתוכה חלשה בגלל ההתמקדות בפרט על חשבון החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מה שמאיים על שרידותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כאשר העם היהודי איבד את המסגרת של מדינה עצמאית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">השכילו מנהיגי היהדות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לעשות סייג לתורה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' – </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כלומר להציב חומת תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דת גבוהה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שתגן על החברה היהודית מפני ההשפעות של תרבויות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שהחברה היהודית נמצאת במגע הדוק איתן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אותה תופעה אנו מוצאים היום בתרבות המוסלמית המקצינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">גם זו מציבה חומות תרבות גבוהות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">במלחמה מול התרבות המערבית ומתוך התגוננות מהשטף של תקשורת ההמונים המבטאת את התרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בפרק זה הרשיתי לעצמי הכללות הנכונות לתרבות כולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אינן נכונות לכל אדם ואפילו לא לכל תת קבוצה בתוך התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למשל גם בתרבות היהודית של היום יש ניסיונות של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">חזרה בתשובה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">שזו מעין תנועה מיסיונרית החורגת מאופי התרבות היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">בתרבות הליברלית יש מגמה בה מנסים לאלץ את כולם להפוך לליברלים דמוקרטים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מגמה החורגת מערך הסובלנות של התרבות הליברלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אנו מוצאים גם התחלה של מאפיינים דומים למה שקיים בתרבות המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אלימות נגד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הבלתי מאמינים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כדוגמא אפשר לראות את האלימות של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">הירוקים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אך אנו דנים בקבוצות הגדולות ובמגמות ארוכות טווח בהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">לכן נתרכז בשלב זה רק במגמות המרכזיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></span></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבות</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">כחומה</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">בצורה</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">סביב</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">חברה</span></span></span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjX4FSJDRIiirfFBJe3rLUmwOkKjBI57AxEfVWGxwssMRkV4NwrkdlHx3IJ_QvrvEKewNpFA1xRAj4qQNdHFIURHumS2TLRDX08rTy6P2Gi5lRY3Bnpha5aGRYyVtQo_HmGdc1f4FkarZwrGeMBatpVnT-MOjCmEGN-ZZ0Cz0XClrtgR0sHt18c8P/s1600/%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: x-large; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1123" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjX4FSJDRIiirfFBJe3rLUmwOkKjBI57AxEfVWGxwssMRkV4NwrkdlHx3IJ_QvrvEKewNpFA1xRAj4qQNdHFIURHumS2TLRDX08rTy6P2Gi5lRY3Bnpha5aGRYyVtQo_HmGdc1f4FkarZwrGeMBatpVnT-MOjCmEGN-ZZ0Cz0XClrtgR0sHt18c8P/s320/%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F%20%D7%90%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות עבור חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דומה להשקפת עולם עבור האדם הבודד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">כאשר אנו מנסים להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">חשוב שנבין את המנגנונים הבסיסיים של התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">בדיוק כמו שניסינו לבחון בפרק ראשון את המנגנונים הבסיסיים של פעולת החשיבה וההחלטה של האדם הבודד שאפשר למצות אותם בהשקפת עולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">זו הסיבה שיש לבחון את ההבטים של התרבות בהרחבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר לראות את התרבות כחומה הסובבת סביב החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מגנה עליה מהשפעות תרבויות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומגבשת את העם היושב בתוך החומות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היסודות הם – המיתוסים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדת וההיסטוריה המשותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אבני הבניין הן – חוקי ההתנהגות התרבותית בין אדם לחברו ובין האדם לקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עשה ולא תעשה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">העוברים בחינוך ובחיקוי הדוגמה האישית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">משורת אבנים תחתונה לזו שמעליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המלט המאחד – הוא שפת הדיבור</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדימויים ועצם החיים ביחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו גם האינטראקציות בעבודה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקי החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">פטריוטיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בתרבות היהודית הדבק המאחד הוגדר באמרה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כל ישראל ערבים זה לזה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בתרבויות אחרות האמרה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחד בשביל כולם וכולם בשביל אחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטיח הנותן גוון אחיד לחומה מסמל את האחידות של כל הפרטים המרכיבים את התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סמלים כמו הדגל וההמנון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנהגים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נימוס ואופי לאומי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בגדים אופייניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">על קירות החומה מצוייר הסיפור </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנרטיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">של התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הציורים על אבני החומה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הם צורת הבידור והאומנויות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">על ראש החומה פסלים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהם המותגים של התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חלקם סמלים מההיסטוריה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חלקם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גבורי תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הנמצאים על החומה ועיני כולם נשואות אליהם בהערצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">ככול שהחומה גבוהה כך היא מסתירה את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;">הנמצא מחוץ לחומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #9900ff;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי לראות אותו עלינו לעלות על החומה ולהציץ מעבר לה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני מודע לכך שבדרישה לעלות על החומה ולהביט אל האחר כדי להבינו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אני חושף גם את מי שעולה לפגיעה של התרבות האחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנו רואים שכאשר התרבות המערבית מעודדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בשם ערך הסובלנות והאהבה לכל דבר שזז</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">להנמיך את החומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היא מחלישה את יכולת השרידות שלה מול </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הברברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המוסלמים העטים עליה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למרות הורדת שורות שלמות של אבני חומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בתרבות המערבית לא מבינים באמת את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפרטי ואת תרבות החברה של </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השייכים לתרבות שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשרות הצצה אל האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואפילו הזמנתו לתוך העיר כמו שנעשה באירופה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינה מספקת כדי להבין איך הוא מרגיש ופועל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">צריך גם לראות מעבר לחומה של האחר ולהפשיטו מהבגדים שכל אדם מסתיר עצמו מתחתם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התרבות המערבית נחלשת על ידי הנמכת חומת המגן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים שאינם מבינים את דרך המחשבה של האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אינם ערים לסכנה הנשקפת לתרבותם ולאורח חייהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אותם מעטים שמצליחים להבין את הסכנות הטמונות בקירוב ועידוד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולפעמים אפילו בכניעה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נתפשים כשונאי זרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גזעניים שיש להוקיעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למרות שלפחות חלקם רוצה רק להגן על התרבות המערבית ולא להזיק לתרבות המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נכון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זה מבלבל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חלק מהצועקים נגד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא באמת שונא זרים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גזען</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך יש גם אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבויות חייבות להילחם אחת בשנייה כדי לשרוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסיבה העיקרית למלחמה בין תרבויות היא לשלוט על המשאבים ולהחליש תרבויות מתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לרוב מנמקים מלחמות בשמירה על ערכי התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך כמובן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סט הערכים של תרבות הוא רק כלי לשמור על לכידות בתוך התרבות כדי לחזק אותה ולא הסיבה עצמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סיבה האמיתית למלחמה בין תרבויות היא שכל תרבות חייבת לשמר את עצמה מול התרבויות המתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הלחימה בתרבויות אחרות חיונית גם אם אין סכנה אמיתית לקיום התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עצם פעולת הלחימה עוזרת לכל תרבות לגבש טוב יותר את העם הנמצא בין חומותיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הגיבוש נעשה הן על ידי הפניית כל המתחים הפנימיים החוצה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר אנשים חייבים לשתף פעולה מול סכנה קיומית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמיתית או מדומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">משותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מלחמה מגבירה את הסולידריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זו הסיבה שבאופן טבעי גוף </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מפלגה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ואפילו אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תמיד יחפשו </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אויב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לארה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ב היו הקומוניסטים וכאשר אלו נכנעו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כוחה של האימפריה האמריקאית נחלש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תחרות בין תרבויות תמיד טובה לכלל האנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדיוק כמו תחרות בין חברות כלכליות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או תחרות בין מינים בטבע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוקי האבולוציה גורמים לחברות לפתח תכונות המחזקות את החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בשנים האחרונות הופיעו חברות מסחריות גלובליות שחרגו מהמדינות בהן נולדו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גם כאן פועלים חוקי האבולוציה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברות הגלובליות הגדולות המתחרות ביניהן ומאמצות לעצמן גינוני תרבות המגבשת את עובדיהן ומכפישה את החברות המתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm;"></h2><h3 align="right" class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></span></span></h3><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">תפקיד</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">התרבות</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">האנושית</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">ביצירת</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">חברות</span></span><span style="color: maroon;"> </span><span style="color: maroon;"><span lang="he-IL">גדולות</span></span></span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות חיונית לחיים במסגרת חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התרבות מאפשרת לבני האדם לחיות ביחד תוך ויתור מסוים של חירויות הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תמורת קבלת היתרונות בחיים במסגרת החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחברות העתיקות תרבות הייתה מזוהה עם דת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך התרבות היהודית הייתה הדת היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כללי התרבות היהודית נוסחו לראשונה על ידי עשרת הדברות שבמרכז הדת היהודית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מסביב לכללי התנהגות תרבותית </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או אפשר לומר ציווים דתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מתפתחת חברה עם היסטוריה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אומנות ועוד סממנים המזוהים היום עם תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חברות דמוקרטיות בדרך כלל מאורגנות כמדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולכן אפשר לדבר על </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במובן של חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אדם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ככל שההזדהות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסולידריות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שלו עם החברה בה הוא חי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחברה המוסלמית אפשר למצוא קיצוניות של הזדהות אדם עם החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עד כדי ויתור על חייו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בחברה המערבית אפשר למצוא קיצוניות הפוכה אצל אנשים המשתמטים מכל תרומה לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לפי הגדרה זו האדם בחברה המוסלמית תרבותי יותר מחברו במערב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמובן זאת בתנאי שמכירים בכך שאין הסכמה על סולם ערכים גלובלי הנכון לכולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במערב נהוג לחשוב שיש ערכים הומניים כלליים ואלו הערכים של המערב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאדם במערב חיי אדם הם בראש סולם הערכים והוא רואה אנשים שרוצחים בשם כבוד המשפחה כבלתי תרבותיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המוסלמי יראה אדם מערבי שאינו נוקם במי שפגע בבת שלו כאדם לא תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך שניהם אנשים תרבותיים כל אחד לפי ערכי התרבות שלו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">כדי להבין אדם השייך לתרבות אחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">צריך להבין את הקשר התרבותי של אותו אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">וצריך להצטייד בענווה שתאפשר להכיר בכך שאין ערכים אבסולוטיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">לכל תרבות יש סולם ערכים משלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ואי אפשר לומר שתרבות אחת עדיפה על האחרת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים תרבותיים מחזקים את החברה לפעמים על חשבון אינטרסים אישיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך יש כאלו המנצלים את החברה ללא תרומה ממשית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומסתכנים בכך שהיא תתפרק</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ללא השתייכות לחברה לא יהיו לאנשים את אותם יתרונות הנובעים מחיים בחברה אנושית גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">קבוצת אנשים קטנה יכולה אמנם לקבל למשך זמן מסוים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יתרונות על חשבון רוב האנשים התורמים לחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך אם הקבוצה האנטי חברתית הזו תהיה גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברה עלולה לקרוס</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסכנות לחברה אנושית נובעות הן מהתקפות עליה על ידי חברות מתחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">והן מאותם פרטים חסרי סולידאריות חברתית בתוכן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">דוגמה טובה לסכנות מבחוץ ומפנים אנו מוצאים בחברה הישראלית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסכנות החיצוניות באות ממדינות בעלות תרבות שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות מוסלמית או ליברלית אנטישמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סכנות יכולות לאיים גם מבפנים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאזרחים ישראלים בעלי תרבות שונה מרוב הישראלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו החרדים והערבים שאינם מזדהים עם המדינה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>תרבות בה הסולידריות מתרופפת היא תרבות בסכנת הכחדה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14739_615200668"></a><span><span lang="he-IL">זרעי הכישלון נובטים על מצע ההצלחה</span></span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאורך כל ההיסטוריה אימפריות תרבותיות קרסו והובסו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לאחר שהגיעו לפסגת ההצלחה שלהן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הסיבות היו רבות אך ביניהן אפשר למנות את השאננות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפתיחות והורדת גובה החומות התרבותיות מתוך הרגשת בטחון</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הרומאים ניצחו את האמפריה היוונית שהסתאבה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">למרות שהיו מספיק חכמים לשמר חלקים מתרבותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הברברים כבשו את רומא שהתמכרה ללחם ושעשועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היום המוסלמים תוקפים את התרבות המערבית השוקעת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מופיעה כאן מחזוריות של חיי הייצור שנקרא </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עדר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">או </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברה הגדולה ביותר נקראת </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אימפריה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ברברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יכולים לנצח רק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אימפריה מנוונת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" –-> "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אימפריה מנוונת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התפתחה מתוך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אימפריה צעירה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך הפלא ופלא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, "</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אימפריה צעירה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">" </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נבנית ע</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">י על ידי ברברים נמרצים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">סגירת מעגל</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש דמיון מדאיג בין שלהי חייה של האימפריה הרומית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לבין מצב האימפריה המערבית היום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מעם מאורגן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ממושמע ולוחם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הפכו הרומאים לעם הדורש רק לחם ושעשועים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Panem et Circenses</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">). </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי שמביט בצורה מפוקחת על אופי החברה המערבית אינו יכול שלא להבחין באותה מגמה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש במערב חשיבות הולכת וגדלה לעושר כלכלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולבידור על כל הבטיו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ההתמקדות ברווחה כלכלית של הפרט</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וב </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חיים הטובים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הם בדיוק הגירסה המודרנית ל </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לחם ושעשועים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">של אמפריה שבאה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עשירה וחסרת מוטיבציה להילחם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמפריה בערוב ימיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אוטוקרטיות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו התרבות המוסלמית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המנצלות את הזכויות שהדמוקרטיות נותנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ינצחו דמוקרטיות חסרות גמישות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שבשם הסובלנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מאבדות עצמן לדעת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">במלחמת התרבויות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כמו בהרבה דברים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר לזהות מגמות שונות שחלקן סותרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אפשר להביא דוגמאות שונות למגמות סותרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ממש כמו הקושיה בתלמוד </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">זה אומר כולה שלי וזה אומר חציה שלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היתרון הוא לטוען הקיצוני על המוכן לחלוק </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יתרון לתרבות המוסלמית על התרבות המערבית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מגמה סותרת נובעת מתוך כך שמשטר החופש של האדם בתרבות המערב מביא לפריחה בכל התחומים ויכול להשפיע על חלק מהמוסלמים </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלו הפחות פונדמנטליים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ההיסטוריה מלמדת כי האנשים הנמצאים בתרבות מדכאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ימרדו בסופו של דבר להשיג מינימום של זכויות וחופש</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יותר תרבויות מדכאות נפלו ממרד פנימי של אזרחיהם מאלו שנוצחו על ידי תרבויות חופשיות וחזקות יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות מדכאת סופה שתעצור את השגשוג ותהיה חלשה מול התרבות חופשית פורחת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אין לדעת איזה מהמגמות הסותרות האלו תנצח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך ההיסטוריה מלמדת שהברברים מנצחים בסופו של דבר גם אם זה לוקח יותר זמן ממה שהיינו מצפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש אמת בסיסית בתיאוריה הרואה סכנה בהבדלי המעמדות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אם כי לא בהיבט המוסרי שניתן כבסיס לתיאוריות סוציאליסטיות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אלא בהיבט של תרבות מאוזנת של החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות מאוזנת תשאף לכן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מצד אחד למנוע פער גדול מידי בין אנשים באותה חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומצד שני לשמור על מידה של חוסר שוויון שימריץ אנשים להתאמץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התרבות היהודית שהיא בבסיסה תרבות מאוזנת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">היא דוגמה של שרידות לטווח ארוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עקרונותיה נוסחו בעשרת הדברות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בניכוי מרכיב </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השוט האלוהי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שהתווסף כדי להבטיח ציות ישארו שלושה חוקים כמסדירי חיים בין אדם לחברו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שלושה חוקים המסדירים את היחס בין הפרט לכלל וחוק אלטרואיסטי נוסף המאפשר קידום החברה כולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החוקים המסדירים יחסים בין אדם לחברו הם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לא תרצח</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אנשים חייבים לחיות באווירה של בטחון אישי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לא תגנוב</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> – מאפשר בטחון כלכלי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך אדם יכול לצבור רכוש ללא פחד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לא תענה ברעך עד שקר</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התנהג ביושר ובסובלנות עם אחרים בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כך שלא תהיה חשדנות בין אנשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החוקים המסדירים יחסים בין אדם לחברה הם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">:</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>כבד את אביך ואת אמך</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעצם יש לכבד כל אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רק כך אפשר לחיות בהרמוניה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לא תנאף</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חוק המסדיר יחסים במשפחה שהיא התא הבסיסי בחברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לא תעשה לך פסל וכל תמונה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החברה חייבת להתלכד מסביב לערכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולא מסביב לסגידת אדם או חפץ</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החוקים האלו מאפשרים גיבוש ושמירה על החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">גיבוש זה של החברה גורם גם לחוסר רצון להשתנות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">החוק הנוסף שמאפשר שנויים הנחוצים לקידום החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>זכור את יום השבת לקדשו</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">- </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש להתנתק ליום אחד בשבוע מהתרומה לפרט ומהיחסים בתוך החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדי ולתרום חלק מהזמן לפעילות אלטרואיסטית למען האנושות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span><span lang="he-IL"><span><br /></span></span></span></span></h2><h2 class="western" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.35cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a name="__RefHeading___Toc14741_615200668"></a><span><span lang="he-IL"><span>האפשרות לשנות </span><span><b>חברה</b></span></span></span></span></h2><h3><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">על כל חברה עוברים שינויים ספונטניים בלי שמישהו מלמעלה יכוון אותם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בדרך כלל אלו שינויים אטיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השאלה היא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">האם אפשר לשנות באופן מודע תרבות של חברה בצורה קיצונית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">?</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">התשובה ההיסטורית חיובית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש דוגמאות רבות של שנויי תרבות חריפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המהפכה הצרפתית היא דוגמה בולטת לשנוי תרבותי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המשטר הנאצי שינה את התרבות הגרמנית באיבכת חרב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המשטר הקומוניסטי עשה זאת ברוסיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כל אלו עשו זאת בתהליך של מהפכות שצמחו בדרך כלל על רקע משברים גדולים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנהיג יכול לשנות תרבות של אומה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנהיג חזק יכול להנהיג שינוי תרבותי ואפילו שינוי בערכים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כי הפרטים בעם מרגישים הזדהות עם המנהיג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">טבע האנשים הוא שיש להם אמפטיה למנהיג שמסמל את העם כולו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן היטלר כמנהיג יכול היה לגרום לשנוי ערכים של אומה שהייתה בזמנו סמל התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך שוב המנהיג עלה על רקע של משבר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>לכן אפשר לסכם שמשברים משנים חברה</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">צריך להיות משבר גדול כדי להניע אנשים להתנגד לחיבוק הדוב של התרבות המאחדת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש גם שינויי תרבות איטיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אמנם תהליכים חברתיים לא מואצים בקצב של הטכנולוגיה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אך הטכנולוגיה משפיעה גם על האצת התהליכים החברתיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עצם היכולות הטכנולוגיות משנות את הדרך בה אנשים פועלים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כאשר יש אפשרות להתקשר בכל זמן ומכל מקום יש אינטראקציה בין אנשים גם אם הם רחוקים גאוגרפית</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נוצרות חברויות שאינן קשורות בהכרח למקום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולפעמים גם לא לעם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">עצם המידע על תרבויות אחרות מקשה על תרבות להסתגר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכן תקשורת משנה תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הטלוויזיה והאינטרנט משפיעים על ידי הצגת דברים ושטיפת מוח</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הכוח של האינטרנט והטלוויזיה יכול אפילו לשנות את המשטר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי שיש לו השפעה על המדיה החברתית והתקשרותית יכול לשנות תרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השאלה היא האם יכול אדם או גוף לרכז השפעה מספיק גדולה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כדי לשנות תרבות בכיון הרצוי לו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">כנראה שיש נסיונות לא מעטים לעשות זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ונראה שיש לא מעט הצלחות בנושא</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השאלה אם הדבר רצוי תלויה באם כיוון השנוי מתאים להשקפת עולמך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">תרבות משתנה כל הזמן גם ללא הכוונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שנויים תרבותיים אנו מוצאים גם בדרך בה אנשים מתלבשים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אוכלים ומנהלים את שעות הפנאי שלהם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רק חלק קטן מהרצון לשינויים האלו קשור להשקפת עולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">רוב השנויים הם ספונטניים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">וחלקם נובע מסיבות שונות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעיקר סיבות כלכליות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שלא קשורות בהשקפת עולם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לכל חברה יש רצון להשפיע לכיוון התרבותי שלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בעיקר על הילדים שמהווים את העתודה העתידית שלה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">השלטון של החברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולא חשובה דמותו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מנסה להשפיע דרך </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">חינוך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לצורותיו השונות החל מחינוך ממוסד דרך שטיפת מוח וכלה בהטפה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">בכך עליו להתגבר על מנגנוני הסינון העצמי של אנשים ועל ההשפעות של תרבויות אחרות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נרטיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אחד מהכלים שחברה משתמשת בהם כדי ליצור תרבות המאחדת את העם ובו זמנית גם מבדלת אותו מעמים אחרים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הוא סינון העובדות ההיסטוריות בצורה שתחזק ותגביה את חומת התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מכאן צומח </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">נרטיב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שמארגן</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ולעתים קרובות גם מעוות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">את העובדות ההיסטוריות כך שיתאימו לחיזוק חומת והגבהת התרבות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">הדבר דומה גם למה שעושה המוח האנושי באדם הפרטי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">אתם מכירים את האנשים האלו שתמיד חושבים שמה שהם עושים זה הכי טוב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ומה שיש להם זה הכי </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">שווה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">ובכן כולנו כך</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">מי פחות ומי יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המוח של כולנו מנסה להצדיק כל מה שאנו עושים ומשבח כל מה שיש לו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">לסיכום</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">יש שתי מגמות סותרות בחברה האנושית מעצם טבעה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;">המגמה של חופש הפרט מול המגמה של השתייכות טוטלית לקהילה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">התרבות משפיעה על האדם בכל רמות פעולות מוחו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">קיימת מעורבות של החברה בדרך בה אדם מרגיש ומגיב בכל הרמות המעורבות בתגובה של אדם למציאות כפי שהוסברו בפרק השני</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">עלינו לקחת בחשבון הטיה זו של תרבות בראיית המציאות כדי להבין איך האחר רואה אותה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>ברמה הראשונה של </b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>'</b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>ראיית</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>' </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><b>המציאות</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: maroon;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ההזדהות מטשטשת ומטה עובדות שקרו במציאות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">כך שיתאימו לתרבות המשותפת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עובדה זו מצטרפת לסיבות האחרות </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגורמות לאדם מתרבות אחרת לראות באופן שונה את המציאות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b>ברמה השנייה של הבנת המציאות</b></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">צריך לקחת בחשבון את הבניה של סטראוטיפים שונים בכל חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">אם הסטראוטיפים של אנשים מחברה ותרבות שונה אחרים משלנו</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גם </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיבוד הנתונים הנעשה במוחו של האחר שונה ויש לקחת גם זאת בשקלול המאפשר לנו להבין את האחר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">ברמה השלישית של המודעות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">דירוג הערכים שונה בצורה קיצונית בכל חברה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך שגם ברמה העליונה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבים לקחת זאת בחשבון כדי להבין איך אדם מתרבות של חברה שונה יגיב</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span></p></h3><h3 style="text-align: right;"><br /></h3><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8669793835674721858.post-57901376021948812762023-01-23T15:14:00.014+02:002023-02-10T08:28:55.908+02:00<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b> המוח הוא אני</b></h1><h2 style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span lang="he-IL">"אנשים חושבים כי האדם הוא אך מכונה</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span lang="he-IL">וכי ההבדל היחיד בין אדם לבין טחנת קמח הוא שהראשון מונע על ידי דם והשני על ידי מים" -</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span lang="he-IL">הוראס מאן</span></span></span></span></h2><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 0.34cm; margin-bottom: 0.25cm;"><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ההנחה העומדת בבסיס הספר הזה היא ש </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא המוח שלי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומהות </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אחר </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא המוח שלו</span></span></span></p><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עם זאת המנגנונים הבסיסיים בהם משתמש המוח שלי כדי לחשוב ולפעול</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זהים למנגנונים הבסיסיים של מוח </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השוני הוא בבסיס הנתונים שהצטבר במוח על סמך ניסיון אישי ותרבותי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הסיבה שהמוח של כולם מאורגן באותה צורה היא שבזמן שהמוח עוצב לפני מליוני שנים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המין האנושי כלל פרטים מעטים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהיו מרוכזים במקומות גאוגרפיים מצומצמים והיו חייבים לעמוד בפני אותם אתגרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בתקופה הקצרה יותר שלאחר מכן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נערמה מעל למבנה המשותף של מנגנוני המוח הבסיסיים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שכבה של בסיס נתונים ושיטות עיבוד של אותם נתונים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השונים מאדם לאדם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכל לפי הנסיון האישי והתרבותי של קבוצות אנשים שחיו בתנאים שונים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במקומות שונים והיו חייבים לעמוד באתגרים שונים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין לראות בספר זה מחקר מוח מעמיק</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני גם לא מציע הסבר מקיף לדרך בה המוח פועל</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא רק הסבר מספיק של מנגנוני החשיבה והפעולה של אנשים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בניסיון להבין טוב יותר את </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אפשר לדמות את המשותף והשונה בין אנשים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למשותף והשונה בעולם המחשבים. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל מחשב בנוי מליבת יחידת מיחשוב </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">(CPU), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רכיבי זיכרון</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומאותות בינריים המקשרים בין האלמנטים השונים האלו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מחשב של חברת אחת משתמש בחומרה המורכבת מאלמנטים הקשורים בצורה דומה פחות או יותר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למחשב של חברה אחרת. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך גם בני אדם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מה ששונה במוחות של אנשים שונים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כמו גם במחשבים השונים של האנלוגיה שלנו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הוא בסיס הנתונים והתכנה המיועדת להציג תמונה של המציאות ולהגיב עליה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לבסיס הנתונים במוח קוראים בדרך כלל </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">סטראוטיפים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">', </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">והתכנה שבמוח נקראת בדרך כלל - </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">השקפת עולם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם נבין איך המנגנונים הבסיסיים במוח פועלים</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">נעשה צעד גדול לקראת ההבנה איך </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">רואה את המציאות</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם בנוסף נלמד את </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">השקפת העולם</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">שלו</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">נוכל לנחש גם איך הוא יגיב בתגובה למה שהוא </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">רואה</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הכוונה ב </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רואה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היא בעצם איך המוח מבין את המציאות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נראה בהמשך שאני </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רואה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">דברים שונים </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מהאחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הבנת </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אינה הסכמה לצורת המחשבה שלו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או לסולם הערכים המנחה את פעולותיו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אך הבנה כזו תיתן לנו רמזים לגבי דרך המחשבה והפעולה שלו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חשוב לזכור שהאבולוציה עיצבה את מוחנו במשך מיליוני שנים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהם מין האדם התפתח כמו הרבה חיות אחרות בטבע</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רחוק מטכנולוגיה ומתרבות כפי שאנו מכירים אותה היום</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פלא גדול הוא שמוחנו יכול בכלל להתמודד עם האתגרים של החיים המודרניים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מתברר שהטבע שכלל את המוח</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך שיהיה רב תכליתי וגמיש מספיק להתאים עצמו גם לסביבה שונה כל כך מהסביבה עבורה הוא תוכנן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להדגים את היכולת הגדולה של המוח נתבונן בתהליך זהוי פרצופים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כל ילד קטן יודע לזהות פרצופים טוב מהמחשב החזק ביותר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כשאנו מסתכלים על פרצופים של אנשים אחרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נדלקת במוח רשת עצבית הכוללת אזורים בקליפת המוח ובמערכת הלימבית</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זיהוי פרצופים היא מטלה חישובית מורכבת המבוצעת במוח האנושי ביעילות ומהירות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הדבר בולט בקופים ובני אדם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בשל היותם יצורים חברתיים שחשוב להם לזהות את </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האחר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולעמוד על כוונותיו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">לכן </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">התפתח מנגנון מיוחד לעיבוד האינפורמציה הנשקפת מפרצופים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כך</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בכמה אלפיות השניה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מזהים את המין</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגיל וההבעה של כל פרצוף</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ומסוגלים לנקוב בשמו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אם זהו פרצוף מוכר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפעילות במוח בזמן צפיה בפרצופים תלויה בטיב הפרצוף</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">לדוגמ</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">ה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרצופים של ידוענים גורמים לעליה ניכרת בפעילות בקליפת המוח הויזואלית וב</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="zxx">amygdala</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהיא חלק מהמערכת הלימבית</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרצופים יפים גורמים לעליה בפעילות ברשת התגמול העצבית</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">כאשר עוצמת התגובה תלויה </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="zxx">בהעדפה המינית</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL"> של המתבונן</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ממצאים אלה מלמדים שפרצופים אינם עוברים רק </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עיבוד תמונה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במערכת הראיה לזיהוי תווי הפנים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כי אם מעוררים בנו אסוציאציות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">ז</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">כרונות ורגשות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">מה קורה במ</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">ו</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">חנו כאשר אנו מסתכלים בפניהם של אנשים המוכרים לנו אישית </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בני זוג</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בני משפחה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חברים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שכנים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">)? </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בהשוואה לפרצופים של ידוענים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">,</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרצופים המוכרים לנו באופן אישי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שייכים לאנשים אליהם אנו קשורים רגשית ועליהם אנו יודעים המון</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בשפה פשוטה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש לנו </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היסטוריה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">איתם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">במחקר ד</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">מות תפקודית שנערך בארה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ב צפו נבדקים בשלושה סוגי פרצופים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ידוענים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קרובי משפחה ומכרים אישיים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ופרצופים לא מוכרים של אנשים זרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התוצאות הפתיעו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">: </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפרצופים המוכרים אישית גרמו לעליה בפעילות בשני אזורים המתווכים שליפת ידע מהזיכרון</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וירידה משמעותית בפעילות האמיגדלה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התבוננות בפרצוף מוכר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אם כן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">גורמת להיזכרות ספונטנית בפרטים רבים הקשורים לבעליו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יתרה מכך</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בניגוד לפרצוף זר שעדיין לא עמדנו על טיבו ושעלול להוות סכנה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פרצוף מוכר אינו מחייב </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">עמידה על המשמר</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">", </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ולכן מלווה בירידה בפעילות </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">"</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הגנתית</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">". </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במחקר נוסף</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">נסרק מוחן של אמהות בזמן שהתבוננו בפרצופים של ילדיהן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ילדים מוכרים </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">של בני משפחה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">חברים ושכנים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">), </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">וילדים זרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הממצאים הראו כי בהשוואה לילדים המוכרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ההתבוננות בילדיהן הדליקה את המערכת הלימבית </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">האמיגדלה והאינסולה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">) </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ואזורים בקליפת המוח הקדמית של האמהות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפעילות העצבית באזורים ספציפיים אלה היא שמאפשרת לאמהות לאהוב</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לדאוג ולהגן על ילדיהן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">פירשו החוקרים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לקשר הרגשי בין האם לילד יש כמובן לא רק בסיס עצבי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כי אם גם ביוכימי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">דהיינו ההורמון </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="zxx">אוקסיטוצין</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL"> המופרש בזמן הלידה וההנקה</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הורמון זה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אגב</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">מופרש הן בגברים והן בנשים בזמן קיום יחסי מין</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">יש הטוענים כי בשל חיוניותו להישרדות הצאצאים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפרשתו בזמן האורגזמה הנשית גורמת לנשים רבות להתאהב בגברים עמם הן שוכבות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">או</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במילים אחרות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לאי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">- </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">היכולת של נשים רבות להפריד בין סקס לאהבה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זה גם הקשר הביולוגי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף לקשר החברתי</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">ההדוק ביותר בין אנשים</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">קשר שנרחיב עליו את הדיבור כאשר נדון על הדואליות האנושית</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מוצאים אם כן שהמוח אינו רק מחשב המפעיל את גופנו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אלא הוא כולל את כל הווייתנו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">הפעולות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המחשבות והרגשות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם משותק שרק מוחו פועל הוא עדיין אדם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם בריא גופנית אך עם מוח פגוע</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אינו מתפקד כאדם</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אני מתייחס לכל המוח ולא רק </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לתודעה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">'. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כפי שנראה בהמשך</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">התודעה אינה אלא חלק קטן מכלל המוח</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">או בעצם מכלל ה</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">ו</span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">ויתנו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לרוב התודעה אינה אלא המסך שעליו המוח מקרין את תוצאות החישוב שלו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">כלומר את תמונת המציאות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זיכרונות ורגשות</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">אין אנו יכולים לומר שהתודעה היא מה שאנחנו</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה מידה שאין אנו יכולים לומר שמסך המחשב הוא המחשב</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תסתכלו אל מתחת לשולחן</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שם תמצאו את אותה קופסה</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">שהיא המחשב</span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם נבין איך המוח של האחר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">פועל נבין את האחר</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h2 style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span lang="he-IL"><br /></span></span></h2><h2 style="background: transparent; break-after: avoid; break-before: page; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.21cm; margin-top: 0.25cm; orphans: 2; text-align: right; widows: 2;"><span><span lang="he-IL" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">מגבלות המוח</span></span></h2><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למוח יכולות מופלאות לצד כשלים קולוסליים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אלו ואלו התפתחו באבולוציה של שנים רבות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">היכולות של המוח כוונו להגביר את יכולת השרידות של המין האנושי ושל האנשים המרכיבים אותו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לפני שאנו מדברים על הכשלים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדאי לעצור רגע ולהתפעל מהיכולות המדהימות של המוח האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כל מי שראה ליצן המאזן מוט על אפו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לוליין התופש את חברו על הטרפז</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בתזמון של חלקיקי שנייה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">או שחקן בייסבול מכה בכדור שעף לעברו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אינו יכול שלא להתפעל עד כמה מוחו של האדם משוכלל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו שואלים את עצמנו איך המוח יודע לחשב את מסלול כדור הבסיס</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שלוקח לו כמה עשיריות שניה להגיע אליו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בהתחשב בכך שזמן עיבוד האינפורמציה מהעיניים ועוד זמן התגובה של הנפת המחבט גדולים בהרבה</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">התשובה היא אימון</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המוח הוא מכונה לומדת שמכניסה לבסיס הנתונים שלה תגובות מוכנות מראש על כל רמז לצורה בה מחזיק הזורק את הכדור</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אדם בלתי מאומן לא מתקרב אפילו לביצועים של שחקן כדור בסיס</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שבילה מאות שעות אימון</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">האימונים מלמדים את המוח לחזות את מסלול הכדור ורגע הפגישה שלו עם המחבט בדיוק רב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למעשה הרבה מהפעולות שאנו עושים באופן אוטומטי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הן תוצאה של אותו תהליך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">תינוק חייב להתאמן שעות רבות לפני שיוכל ללכת בב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">טחון על שתי רגליו</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">לוליין בקרקס הולך באותו ביטחון על חבל דק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">רק לאחר שעות אימון רבות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">יכולות השליטה הפיזית של המוח על הגוף מדהימות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך היכולות האינטלקטואליות של המוח מדהימות עוד יותר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההתפתחות התרבותית והמדעית של המין האנושי כולה היא תוצרי המוח האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות ההישגים האלו של המוח האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אין כאן שום דבר שלא יכול להתבצע באופן טבעי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ההתפעלות שלנו מבצועי המוח מובנת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך עלינו לוקחת בחשבון את השנים הרבות של אבולוציה ששכללה אותו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנו מתפעלים גם מכוח המים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">שחרצו במשך שנים רבות את הקניון העמוק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אך למרות שאנו לא תופשים איך מים יכולים לחפור כל כך עמוק</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">ברור לנו שכך הוא המצב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עד כמה שקשה לנו לתפוש איך המוח המשוכלל שלנו השתכלל מעצמו במשך מיליוני שנים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">עלינו להבין שכך המצב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הקושי להבין זאת מביא רבים מאיתנו לייחס את המעשה הכביר הזה לאלוהים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכשלים המובנים במוח האנושי</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הם תוצאה של המבנה האורגני של המוח והקופסה המצומצמת של הקדקוד בו הוא מונח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המבנה האורגני המשתמש בתקשורת כימית</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">/</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חשמלית בין מרכיביו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">הכתיב מהירות נמוכה של הקלט והפלט וכן תקשורת איטית בין מרכיביו</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מהירות התקשורת הבין תאית של המוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">איטית ממהירות התקשורת האלקטרונית של מחשבים מעשה ידי אדם</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בהרבה סדרי גודל</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מה שחשוב יותר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">מהירות החישוב של המוח קטנה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">יחסית לקצב האירועים שאדם חייב היה להגיב עליהם כדי לשרוד</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בנוסף קופסת הקדקוד הקטנה הגבילה את מספר התאים המשתתפים במערך החישוב</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המגבלות האלו של מבנה המוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חייבו פתרונות שיאפשרו למוח להתמודד במציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">על מהירות החישוב האיטית פיצה במידה מסוימת</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">המבנה המקבילי של המוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">בזאת המוח דומה יותר לרשת האיטרנט מאשר למחשב הבודד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אנשים רבים עובדים במקביל על שרתים שונים ברחבי האינטרנט ומקבלים שרות מהיר יותר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">מאשר אילו היו עובדים כמו בעבר על מחשב מרכזי אחד</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">זאת</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">למרות שמהירות התקשורת קטנה יותר במבנה המבוזר</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">באותה צורה תהליכים רבים מתבצעים במקביל ברשת הניאורונים שבמוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להתגבר על אטיות הקלט של אינפורמציה המתקבלת מהחושים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשה שימוש בקיצורי דרך</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">המקריבים דיוק כדי לקבל החלטות</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">במהירות הנדרשת מקצב האירועים במציאות</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">כדי להחליט על דרך פעולה במהירות הנדרשת על סמך אותה תמונת מציאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">נעשה שימוש בהערכות במקום ודאות</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">חיזוי במקום חישובים</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">והפעלת סטראוטיפים הקיימים כבסיס נתונים במוח</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">במקום בניה מחודשת של המסקנות כל פעם מחדש</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;">למרבה הצער</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">דרך פעולה זו גורמת גם לטעויות ולחוסר הבנה בין בני האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL">אם המוח עושה הערכות על סמך אינפורמציה חלקית ומשלים אותן מתוך ניסיונו המצטבר</span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">ברור שהערכה שלי על המצב</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">תהיה שונה מהערכה שעושה </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">השימוש בתשובות מוכנות מראש – סטראוטיפים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">לג</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">י</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">רוים המתקבלים מהחושים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">גורמים בין השאר לכשלים ולשונות רבה בין בני האדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="he-IL">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אותן תשובות מוכנות קיימות בזכות ניסיון החיים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">יכולת הלימוד והתורשה הגנטית השונה לכל אדם</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אם אני פועל לפי חיזוי המבוסס על השקפת העולם שלי</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">, '</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">' </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">יכול לפעול בצורה שונה כי השקפת העולם שלו שונה</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">אלו ההבדלים בצורת החשיבה והפעולה של אנשים שונים</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">הבדלים שאנו חייבים לקחת בחשבון כאשר אנו מנסים להבין את </span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span lang="he-IL"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">האחר</span></span></span></span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: David CLM, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span lang="en-US">'.</span></span></span></span></span></p><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><br /></h2><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><a href="https://cultural-phylosophy.blogspot.com/2015/07/5.html" target="_blank">מהות התודעה</a></span></h2><div><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">מנגנון ההחלטה</span></span></h2><p class="western" dir="rtl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; direction: rtl; font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: David CLM;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="color: blue;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span></span></span></span></p></div>יורם הר-לב Yoram Har-Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04364674352113121217noreply@blogger.com0